WEBVTT 00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:15.000 Good morning, everyone! Welcome to Day 3 of 3 of the Northern California Earthquake Hazards Workshop. We are going to kick things off with a session called Doing It For Ourselves, Community-Led Disaster Preparedness and Recovery. 00:00:15.000 --> 00:00:25.000 And the great irony is that our session on disaster preparedness and Recovery has suffered a series of disasters, I mean, all of our speakers have had the worst series of unfortunate events happen. We lost 00:00:25.000 --> 00:00:27.000 Not one, not two. 00:00:27.000 --> 00:00:29.000 But 3 different speakers! 00:00:29.000 --> 00:00:32.000 I think today we have… 00:00:32.000 --> 00:00:35.000 Daniel Aldrich and Daniel Hamsey. 00:00:35.000 --> 00:00:37.000 Thank you so much for joining us, 00:00:37.000 --> 00:00:42.000 And we have Dana Blackwater and Alessandra DeRogleman as our wonderful moderators. Please… 00:00:42.000 --> 00:00:47.000 Take us on this journey! 00:00:47.000 --> 00:01:00.000 Thanks, Sarah. I'm Dana Breckwald. I'm Assistant Planning Director for Climate Adaptation at the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission. Yes, I know it's really, really long. Um, Alessandra, do you want to introduce yourself? 00:01:00.000 --> 00:01:08.000 Hi everybody, I'm Alessandra Geraliman. I am in New Orleans at the Center on Environment, Land, and Law, and also with the Livelihood Knowledge Exchange Network. 00:01:08.000 --> 00:01:15.000 Great, so welcome to the first session of today, doing it for ourselves, Community-Led Disaster Preparedness and Recovery. 00:01:15.000 --> 00:01:24.000 When we think about disaster response, we often picture government agencies, emergency operations centers, and formal systems stepping in, but over and over again, what we see on the ground 00:01:24.000 --> 00:01:34.000 is that communities are the first responders. Neighbors check in on neighbors, mutual aid networks mobilize, and trusted local leaders fill the gaps long before formal systems catch up. 00:01:34.000 --> 00:01:43.000 This session is about that power. It's about what happens when preparedness and recovery are rooted in community, and when the people most affected are also shaping the solutions. 00:01:43.000 --> 00:01:56.000 So we have two incredible speakers who will explore this from different complementary angles. Each speaker will have about 15 minutes. We'll do both talks back-to-back, and feel free to put questions in the chat during the talks. Afterwards, we'll open it up for conversation. 00:01:56.000 --> 00:02:03.000 So since Sarah's unable to join us this morning, we'll go straight to our second speaker on the agenda, Daniel Holmesy of DGH Consulting. 00:02:03.000 --> 00:02:14.000 Daniel will remind us that now more than ever, we need community. Daniel has long worked at the intersection of neighborhood resilience and disaster readiness, and he'll speak to how local networks and social ties are not just nice to have, 00:02:14.000 --> 00:02:18.000 But they are essential infrastructure. 00:02:18.000 --> 00:02:21.000 take it away. 00:02:21.000 --> 00:02:24.000 Now more than ever. 00:02:24.000 --> 00:02:31.000 We need community, the eternal truth. 00:02:31.000 --> 00:02:37.000 Fire and Water continue to dominate the global conversation about community disaster resilience. 00:02:37.000 --> 00:02:42.000 The data is undeniable. Everywhere you look, temperatures are going up. 00:02:42.000 --> 00:02:44.000 The outcomes aren't always… 00:02:44.000 --> 00:02:46.000 As expected, however. 00:02:46.000 --> 00:02:49.000 So, for example, here in the U.S., 00:02:49.000 --> 00:02:52.000 We've had sub-zero temperatures on the East Coast for the last few weeks. 00:02:52.000 --> 00:02:56.000 And heat waves in California. 00:02:56.000 --> 00:02:59.000 When you leave your house to go to work in Australia? 00:02:59.000 --> 00:03:01.000 You can see this. 00:03:01.000 --> 00:03:03.000 When you go on vacation in Greece, 00:03:03.000 --> 00:03:06.000 You can, of course, see this. 00:03:06.000 --> 00:03:08.000 And even if you take your family to Venice, 00:03:08.000 --> 00:03:11.000 on your way to some of the most historical sites in the world. 00:03:11.000 --> 00:03:16.000 You might need a stranger's assistance to carry your child there. 00:03:16.000 --> 00:03:20.000 But a more dire outcome is what we saw during Hurricane Sandy. 00:03:20.000 --> 00:03:22.000 Specifically in the upstate New York. 00:03:22.000 --> 00:03:25.000 Where the storm surge over… ran across the land. 00:03:25.000 --> 00:03:29.000 into facilities like this assisted living facility. 00:03:29.000 --> 00:03:32.000 And left dozens of vulnerable residents stranded. 00:03:32.000 --> 00:03:34.000 And not just stranded, but immersed. 00:03:34.000 --> 00:03:37.000 in water that most likely has combined sewage in it as well. 00:03:37.000 --> 00:03:40.000 Hardly the condition that you want your most… 00:03:40.000 --> 00:03:45.000 vulnerable residents to be experiencing during times of stress. 00:03:45.000 --> 00:03:47.000 Let's pull back a little bit. 00:03:47.000 --> 00:03:49.000 because this conversation is really about community. 00:03:49.000 --> 00:03:51.000 But what is community? 00:03:51.000 --> 00:03:54.000 Well, community is really about individuals, 00:03:54.000 --> 00:03:59.000 that are out there advocating and championing for their individual needs. 00:03:59.000 --> 00:04:01.000 Goals and objectives to live a thriving, successful life. 00:04:01.000 --> 00:04:06.000 It's about organizations that help tie communities together and offer almost like a hub. 00:04:06.000 --> 00:04:10.000 a resilience hub, if you will, of activity for people to… 00:04:10.000 --> 00:04:13.000 address their day-to-day resilience goals. 00:04:13.000 --> 00:04:18.000 And lastly, it's about networks that are formed around issues that people collectively care about. 00:04:18.000 --> 00:04:21.000 cleaning, greening, transportation, public safety, 00:04:21.000 --> 00:04:26.000 A myriad of issues that people organize around. 00:04:26.000 --> 00:04:29.000 Now we ask ourselves, what's resilience? 00:04:29.000 --> 00:04:32.000 But perhaps even more. What is a resilient city? 00:04:32.000 --> 00:04:34.000 I'll take a minute and look here at San Francisco. 00:04:34.000 --> 00:04:40.000 So we have our built environment, the brand new Bay Bridge, replacing the bridge that collapsed in 1989. 00:04:40.000 --> 00:04:44.000 the brand new hospital, and of course, the Painted Ladies. 00:04:44.000 --> 00:04:49.000 structures that have endured all of the events in our past. 00:04:49.000 --> 00:04:53.000 We also have systems, so in this case, we have our brand new sewer system. 00:04:53.000 --> 00:04:56.000 We have our brand new train hub downtown. 00:04:56.000 --> 00:05:03.000 We have a brand new solar power array on one of our reservoirs on the west side, generating electricity for the rest of the city. 00:05:03.000 --> 00:05:07.000 And we have our critical institutions. Grace Cathedral on top of Knob Hill. 00:05:07.000 --> 00:05:13.000 Mission High School and the Mission, and of course, our world-famous City Hall. 00:05:13.000 --> 00:05:16.000 The economy plays a critical role in resilience, as well. 00:05:16.000 --> 00:05:19.000 In this case, we have our hospitality. 00:05:19.000 --> 00:05:21.000 formerly the home of Twitter. 00:05:21.000 --> 00:05:27.000 And of course, the biomedical field there at UCSF. 00:05:27.000 --> 00:05:33.000 But many people would consider our most valuable asset in our resilience are our communities, the LGBTQ, 00:05:33.000 --> 00:05:35.000 Latino, Chinese, Bayview… 00:05:35.000 --> 00:05:39.000 all these communities create this web of mutuality in San Francisco. 00:05:39.000 --> 00:05:42.000 Which, frankly, become a major draw for people to either visit or live here. 00:05:42.000 --> 00:05:48.000 Because they want to be immersed in a diverse world. 00:05:48.000 --> 00:05:51.000 Well, let's talk about a community that 00:05:51.000 --> 00:05:55.000 crosses over all those different lines. And those are our seniors. 00:05:55.000 --> 00:06:03.000 Because after all, San Francisco, like many other cities, is aging in place. 00:06:03.000 --> 00:06:09.000 The day it doesn't lie. Today, more than 190,000 seniors over the age of 60 live in San Francisco. 00:06:09.000 --> 00:06:11.000 a population of roughly 850,000. 00:06:11.000 --> 00:06:14.000 In other words, roughly 1 in 5 residents. 00:06:14.000 --> 00:06:19.000 By 2030, 27% of San Francisco's residents will be 60 years or older. 00:06:19.000 --> 00:06:23.000 In other words, 1 in 3 residents. 00:06:23.000 --> 00:06:28.000 In addition, compounding the challenge is that nearly 30% of the seniors here today, 00:06:28.000 --> 00:06:31.000 Live alone. 00:06:31.000 --> 00:06:38.000 So recognizing that within our communities are residents that will need assistance during times of stress, 00:06:38.000 --> 00:06:41.000 the neighborhoods came together of San Francisco and created 00:06:41.000 --> 00:06:44.000 the Empower Communities program. 00:06:44.000 --> 00:06:48.000 It has a very simple investment strategy. 00:06:48.000 --> 00:06:53.000 focusing on connection, capacity, and resources. 00:06:53.000 --> 00:06:55.000 Now, let's focus on this young lady here. 00:06:55.000 --> 00:06:59.000 She's an amazing person, she's thriving in the city, she has the ability to move, 00:06:59.000 --> 00:07:04.000 And visit services and places, and celebrate life with their friends. 00:07:04.000 --> 00:07:07.000 And in the end, her resilience is her responsibility. 00:07:07.000 --> 00:07:11.000 But we all recognize that she may need assistance under certain conditions. 00:07:11.000 --> 00:07:19.000 So we also want to expand the ownership for her resilience to her immediate family, or roommates, and let them know that if something goes wrong, 00:07:19.000 --> 00:07:24.000 You may be the first responders in her life for a temporary period of time. 00:07:24.000 --> 00:07:30.000 We also want to make sure that her home is configured in a way where it is… allows her to shelter in place safely. 00:07:30.000 --> 00:07:34.000 And be able to continue to achieve her day-to-day goals. 00:07:34.000 --> 00:07:40.000 We want to let her social network know that it would be a fantastic idea to check on her repeatedly during 00:07:40.000 --> 00:07:44.000 events that may not seem that big of a deal to them. 00:07:44.000 --> 00:07:46.000 But for her and her condition, it might be… 00:07:46.000 --> 00:07:48.000 Possibly life-threatening. 00:07:48.000 --> 00:07:54.000 And of course, the civic networks that come out of government and nonprofits and foundations that care about these individuals. 00:07:54.000 --> 00:08:00.000 play an essential role in helping her with her day-to-day needs before, during, and after a disaster. 00:08:00.000 --> 00:08:03.000 So let's look at a person's home. 00:08:03.000 --> 00:08:05.000 In this construct, what we see 00:08:05.000 --> 00:08:09.000 is all these services come into their home on a daily basis. 00:08:09.000 --> 00:08:12.000 You have power, water, sewer, medical. 00:08:12.000 --> 00:08:16.000 communications, first responder, all of those services. 00:08:16.000 --> 00:08:18.000 are accessible to that household every day. 00:08:18.000 --> 00:08:22.000 But the reality is there's plenty of shocks that come along that disrupt that access. 00:08:22.000 --> 00:08:26.000 Everything from heat waves to pandemics to earthquakes. 00:08:26.000 --> 00:08:28.000 And when those shocks arrive, in some cases, 00:08:28.000 --> 00:08:32.000 Some or all of those service can be disconnected. 00:08:32.000 --> 00:08:34.000 Which puts that household in crisis. 00:08:34.000 --> 00:08:38.000 Especially those that are electronic dependent. 00:08:38.000 --> 00:08:41.000 Now, in many cases, what we see happen… 00:08:41.000 --> 00:08:44.000 is neighbors that are living in a community where they know each other. 00:08:44.000 --> 00:08:46.000 can reach out to each other and get assistance. 00:08:46.000 --> 00:08:51.000 And in many cases, that is actually going to support them adequately. 00:08:51.000 --> 00:08:54.000 for the first 72 hours or so. 00:08:54.000 --> 00:08:57.000 before formal services are restored and lifelines are restored. 00:08:57.000 --> 00:09:03.000 And that social cohesion, that block level, is the backbone of your success for those first 72 hours. 00:09:03.000 --> 00:09:06.000 However, as we said, in San Francisco, 00:09:06.000 --> 00:09:09.000 and perhaps towns where you are familiar, 00:09:09.000 --> 00:09:13.000 There is a degree of social disconnect in our communities. 00:09:13.000 --> 00:09:16.000 Because people are living in places 00:09:16.000 --> 00:09:18.000 Where so many people are coming and going. 00:09:18.000 --> 00:09:21.000 That they're no longer multi-generational communities. 00:09:21.000 --> 00:09:25.000 And it's difficult for people as they get older to build those new relationships. 00:09:25.000 --> 00:09:27.000 that they could have done some more easily. 00:09:27.000 --> 00:09:29.000 earlier in their life. 00:09:29.000 --> 00:09:33.000 So, the neighborhoods came up with a concept called Neighbor Fest, the world's greatest block party. 00:09:33.000 --> 00:09:36.000 And the idea was simple. 00:09:36.000 --> 00:09:41.000 What they said was, you know, well, let's look at this challenge, and what's an easy, scalable solution to address 00:09:41.000 --> 00:09:43.000 connecting people at the community level. 00:09:43.000 --> 00:09:47.000 And they came upon the idea that block parties fused together one of the most popular 00:09:47.000 --> 00:09:49.000 neighborhood civic engagement activities. 00:09:49.000 --> 00:09:52.000 With modern emergency management goals. 00:09:52.000 --> 00:09:54.000 Neighborfest was the perfect fit. 00:09:54.000 --> 00:09:57.000 for addressing this need. 00:09:57.000 --> 00:10:01.000 By leveraging the fun and inclusivity of a block party to embed the block level, 00:10:01.000 --> 00:10:04.000 The skills in social cohesion needed during times of stress, 00:10:04.000 --> 00:10:10.000 Neighborfest offers everyone a new way to move forward on an old mission. 00:10:10.000 --> 00:10:16.000 Now, we have 5 goal capabilities that we want Neighborfest hosts to acquire by hosting a block party. 00:10:16.000 --> 00:10:19.000 First of all, can they assemble a team? 00:10:19.000 --> 00:10:22.000 They need to learn how to craft a plant and meet the needs of their neighbors. 00:10:22.000 --> 00:10:27.000 They have to learn how to asset map their block for skills and resources before the disaster. 00:10:27.000 --> 00:10:31.000 So that they can repurpose those skills and resources after a disaster. 00:10:31.000 --> 00:10:35.000 They do that, of course, during their registration process when people arrive at the block party. 00:10:35.000 --> 00:10:38.000 And they need to advance the level of social cohesion. 00:10:38.000 --> 00:10:41.000 and readiness on their block in a culturally competent manner. 00:10:41.000 --> 00:10:45.000 Not everybody in cities that are especially diverse, like San Francisco, 00:10:45.000 --> 00:10:48.000 look at disasters the same way, or community the same way. 00:10:48.000 --> 00:10:51.000 And you need to approach them in a manner that they feel comfortable. 00:10:51.000 --> 00:10:56.000 And then lastly, learning how to activate the street in a coordinated and safe manner, so that… 00:10:56.000 --> 00:11:02.000 people can actually come together and not be put at risk. 00:11:02.000 --> 00:11:07.000 In the end, we step back and look carefully at what happened during the pandemic. 00:11:07.000 --> 00:11:11.000 And what we found was the investment in social cohesion paid off. 00:11:11.000 --> 00:11:15.000 Incredibly. In fact, 100% of the hosts surveyed… 00:11:15.000 --> 00:11:21.000 believe that the relationship-building component of Neighborfest made it easier to identify neighbors that either needed help, 00:11:21.000 --> 00:11:23.000 or could help those around them. 00:11:23.000 --> 00:11:25.000 While they shoved it in place during COVID-19. 00:11:25.000 --> 00:11:32.000 Think of that. 100%. 00:11:32.000 --> 00:11:38.000 Now let's step back and look at a recent fire in Sonoma County, the Kincaid Fire, which happened to the north 00:11:38.000 --> 00:11:41.000 of Healdsburg, and… 00:11:41.000 --> 00:11:46.000 In this case, PG&E, the local power company, 00:11:46.000 --> 00:11:50.000 had decided to turn off the natural gas and electricity to the town of Cloverdale. 00:11:50.000 --> 00:11:52.000 Town of about 8,000 people. 00:11:52.000 --> 00:12:00.000 And a big destination community for retirees living in a Del Webb community and other congregate housing sites. 00:12:00.000 --> 00:12:04.000 And without the electricity, and without natural gas for 5 days. 00:12:04.000 --> 00:12:08.000 That presented a real threat to the health and well-being of many of the residents. 00:12:08.000 --> 00:12:11.000 However, some of them were able to come together 00:12:11.000 --> 00:12:14.000 And actually, you know, aggregate their food, 00:12:14.000 --> 00:12:16.000 and actually support each other during this time. 00:12:16.000 --> 00:12:20.000 And they actually made a huge stockpot of soup. 00:12:20.000 --> 00:12:24.000 And there's my mother in the white shirt, uh, sweater, rather, living in the community. 00:12:24.000 --> 00:12:28.000 She brought all of her neighbors together and said, I'm gonna cook dinner for you. 00:12:28.000 --> 00:12:31.000 And so, they all sat down to this wonderful meal, 00:12:31.000 --> 00:12:35.000 And this is the hot… first hot meal that some have had in 3 days. 00:12:35.000 --> 00:12:38.000 And first time they saw artificial light in 3 days. 00:12:38.000 --> 00:12:42.000 And it was an incredibly big emotional lift for all of them. 00:12:42.000 --> 00:12:47.000 And the reality is, though, is that they were all friends before, and had been helping each other out for years. 00:12:47.000 --> 00:12:52.000 either helping make a run to Kaiser, or picking something up the grocery, 00:12:52.000 --> 00:12:57.000 or bringing someone's newspaper in, or just getting together and having birthday cake. 00:12:57.000 --> 00:13:00.000 And all that pre-event social cohesion, trust, and reciprocity 00:13:00.000 --> 00:13:09.000 Allow them to come together during times of stress and support each other. 00:13:09.000 --> 00:13:14.000 In addition to helping each other, they then, the next day, pivoted and decided to help everyone else on the block. 00:13:14.000 --> 00:13:19.000 They set up their solar power station in the back so they could have electricity to share. 00:13:19.000 --> 00:13:22.000 They open up a block support center. 00:13:22.000 --> 00:13:29.000 And then my mother and her neighbors came together and created a chart to track the condition of everyone on the block, and to make sure they were okay and being checked on. 00:13:29.000 --> 00:13:36.000 And even people coming by contribute it by sharing information about what was going on in the town regarding food and care and shelter and resources. 00:13:36.000 --> 00:13:40.000 As well as, ultimately, when the power is going to be turned back on. 00:13:40.000 --> 00:13:47.000 And so my mom, this is her, uh, right after the power came back on, she gave the whole effort a huge thumbs up. 00:13:47.000 --> 00:13:50.000 Because she knew that one of the reasons why she moved to that community 00:13:50.000 --> 00:13:53.000 was that it was a place where people cared about each other. 00:13:53.000 --> 00:13:57.000 And her experience over the last 3 days proved it. 00:13:57.000 --> 00:14:05.000 So, with that, then, the challenges for all of us, let's go do something great. 00:14:05.000 --> 00:14:15.000 Great, thank you so much, Daniel. Your talk really makes me think about my own community. Um, so I invite you all to think about your community as well. Who shows up when systems fail? 00:14:15.000 --> 00:14:21.000 Where are their informal networks already doing this work, and how might we strengthen them before our disaster? 00:14:21.000 --> 00:14:42.000 So our next talk is from Daniel Aldrich from Northeastern University. He will share insights from his research in a city of two tails, examining organizational networks and disaster-affected communities. His work helps us understand, through data and lived experience, why some communities recover more quickly and equitably than others, 00:14:42.000 --> 00:14:48.000 And the role social capital and organizational networks play into that story. And as a reminder, please 00:14:48.000 --> 00:14:55.000 Put your questions in the chat, and we'll address them after Daniel's talk. 00:14:55.000 --> 00:15:00.000 My name is Daniel Aldrich, and I'm a professor at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts. 00:15:00.000 --> 00:15:04.000 Our paper today is called A City of Two Tales. 00:15:04.000 --> 00:15:07.000 Examining organizational networks in disaster-affected communities. 00:15:07.000 --> 00:15:16.000 This presentation combines two articles I wrote with a team of colleagues, including Tim Frazier, Jennifer Shea, Dan Holmesy, Ayushi Mishra, and Osama Awadala. 00:15:16.000 --> 00:15:21.000 The DOIs of both papers can be found at the end in the final slide. 00:15:21.000 --> 00:15:25.000 So, our focus today is on the Kincaid Fire, 00:15:25.000 --> 00:15:29.000 which took place on the 23rd of October, 2019. 00:15:29.000 --> 00:15:33.000 At the time, it was the largest of the 2019 California wildfire season. 00:15:33.000 --> 00:15:37.000 And also the largest wildfire recorded in Sonoma County at that time. 00:15:37.000 --> 00:15:39.000 90,000 structures. 00:15:39.000 --> 00:15:41.000 Uh, we're threatened over 80,000 acres. 00:15:41.000 --> 00:15:45.000 And authorities believe a $230,000 00:15:45.000 --> 00:15:49.000 volt transmission line sparked, failed near the point of origin, and caused this fire. 00:15:49.000 --> 00:15:57.000 And as a result, the authorities then shut down power for the area, putting 180,000 people in the area without electricity, 00:15:57.000 --> 00:16:03.000 for several days. In fact, in interviews that we did, several people were trapped, especially some elderly people who are trapped. 00:16:03.000 --> 00:16:09.000 in homes nearby, so even if they weren't directly impacted by the fire or the mandatory evacuation shelters, which you see here, 00:16:09.000 --> 00:16:14.000 Nonetheless, many of them had no power for several days. So this was really a compound disaster. 00:16:14.000 --> 00:16:16.000 Back in the fall of 2019. 00:16:16.000 --> 00:16:19.000 And thinking about this shock, we wondered, 00:16:19.000 --> 00:16:25.000 how stratified social networks were by ethnicity, to what degree did it matter if you were white or Hispanic, for example? 00:16:25.000 --> 00:16:28.000 In terms of the connections that you had to bonding and bridging ties. 00:16:28.000 --> 00:16:31.000 Bonding ties, meaning people that are similar to ourselves, homogenous, 00:16:31.000 --> 00:16:35.000 Social capital and heterogeneous ties bridging ties to people that are different than us. 00:16:35.000 --> 00:16:39.000 We also wondered to what degree organizations can bridge ethnic divides. 00:16:39.000 --> 00:16:45.000 And how social ties, those bonding and bridging ties, then impact resilience outcomes, things like 00:16:45.000 --> 00:16:49.000 Mental health after a compound disaster like this. 00:16:49.000 --> 00:16:53.000 So, what we did was two surveys in a city in California. 00:16:53.000 --> 00:16:58.000 Uh, which was, uh, involving both local residents and local community organizations. 00:16:58.000 --> 00:17:02.000 This was with the San Francisco State University and a local NGO. 00:17:02.000 --> 00:17:05.000 that was intended to measure social cohesion 00:17:05.000 --> 00:17:08.000 Among residents, identifying any gaps in connectedness, 00:17:08.000 --> 00:17:15.000 especially for vulnerable residents. So we ended up speaking to around 240 residents in this community, both in English and Spanish. 00:17:15.000 --> 00:17:20.000 Along with around 34 local partnerships, organizations, 00:17:20.000 --> 00:17:26.000 there in town. And we did a combination of traditional survey analysis, demographics and social capital, 00:17:26.000 --> 00:17:30.000 with social network analysis. So you measured, among other things, vulnerability, trust, 00:17:30.000 --> 00:17:32.000 Mental health, feelings of support, 00:17:32.000 --> 00:17:36.000 and organizational affiliations. 00:17:36.000 --> 00:17:43.000 So, we wanted to see the degree to which the surveys that we did, uh, captured the actual people there. So, this is looking at 6 00:17:43.000 --> 00:17:48.000 of the major demographic variables. That would be gender, age, race, 00:17:48.000 --> 00:17:50.000 education, income, and employment. 00:17:50.000 --> 00:17:52.000 And what we try to figure out was, 00:17:52.000 --> 00:17:58.000 Um, using iterative proportional fitting, which is a standard technique in the field used by Qualtrics and the Pew Center. 00:17:58.000 --> 00:18:02.000 Generate survey weights, to remedy any potential concerns with representativeness. 00:18:02.000 --> 00:18:08.000 So, uh, we trimmed them to that, no, we received a higher of 3 or lower than 0.3. 00:18:08.000 --> 00:18:11.000 And that would ensure that no single respondent's voice 00:18:11.000 --> 00:18:14.000 was either excluded or under resentment. And we call this the trimmed 00:18:14.000 --> 00:18:19.000 weighted sample, and those details can be found in the paper. 00:18:19.000 --> 00:18:23.000 So what do we find? So first, we asked the degree to which people's connections 00:18:23.000 --> 00:18:26.000 or bonding social capital, people that were like them, 00:18:26.000 --> 00:18:29.000 or bridging social capital to people different than them. 00:18:29.000 --> 00:18:33.000 And you can see here in the top, uh, two violin graphs there, visualizations, 00:18:33.000 --> 00:18:42.000 of links to different ethnic groups are the same, uh, what we found was that most people did not link to a different ethnic group, so if they identified as white, 00:18:42.000 --> 00:18:44.000 Most people that they connected with were white, 00:18:44.000 --> 00:18:47.000 If they saw themselves as Hispanic, most of their friends were Hispanic. 00:18:47.000 --> 00:18:56.000 And again, the same thing with different ethnic groups, so that 10-point difference that you see there is significant statistically, and pretty common, unfortunately. 00:18:56.000 --> 00:19:01.000 Many of us live in communities where, by race or income or both, 00:19:01.000 --> 00:19:04.000 We often don't meet people that are quite like us. 00:19:04.000 --> 00:19:08.000 The next question that we had was, can we visualize these networks? 00:19:08.000 --> 00:19:13.000 To what degree, for example, does your racial affiliation connect, then, to people you connect with? 00:19:13.000 --> 00:19:19.000 And we see here that the strong blue dots are Hispanic, um, the aquamarine dots are white, 00:19:19.000 --> 00:19:22.000 And then the forest green are people with the other. 00:19:22.000 --> 00:19:25.000 And what you see here is that people of the same race 00:19:25.000 --> 00:19:35.000 tend to connect with people of the same race. Most of these dots are connecting along those same lines. So again, as we saw in the previous slide, uh, it's… it's homogeneous bonding social capital. 00:19:35.000 --> 00:19:38.000 was the majority in the community where we're doing this research? 00:19:38.000 --> 00:19:44.000 Then we wondered, well, how about organizations in town? There are local stores, cafes, and restaurants. 00:19:44.000 --> 00:19:52.000 There are civil society organizations and Kiwanis clubs, there are hospitals and doctors' offices, there are city halls, and also, of course, churches, mosques, and synagogues. 00:19:52.000 --> 00:19:57.000 To what degree do we see that those organizations can bridge across different races? 00:19:57.000 --> 00:20:01.000 And let's just focus for now, at least, on those identifying as Hispanic and Latino. 00:20:01.000 --> 00:20:05.000 What we see is that businesses, healthcare organizations, 00:20:05.000 --> 00:20:07.000 Public sector and religious organizations, 00:20:07.000 --> 00:20:11.000 seem to have really no bridging impact whatsoever for that group. 00:20:11.000 --> 00:20:17.000 the most powerful, uh, bridging group that we did see among Hispanic respondents was 00:20:17.000 --> 00:20:20.000 civil society organizations. So think about volunteer groups, 00:20:20.000 --> 00:20:25.000 One is 4H and those kind of things. For a non-white, uh, residents and respondents, 00:20:25.000 --> 00:20:31.000 We found, in fact, businesses were the group through which most people seemed to connect to each other. Um, so… 00:20:31.000 --> 00:20:38.000 This implies, again, that civil society organizations, at least for the people identifying as Hispanic, 00:20:38.000 --> 00:20:43.000 We're the most critical bridge in the community, um, after the shocks and fires. 00:20:43.000 --> 00:20:49.000 Then we wanted to look at vulnerability. Uh, to what degree were Hispanic and non-Hispanic residents identifying as vulnerable? 00:20:49.000 --> 00:20:55.000 based on our surveys. So the average score, vulnerability score from our index was 3.3. 00:20:55.000 --> 00:20:59.000 For Hispanic residents out of 5, and only 2.4 out of 5… 00:20:59.000 --> 00:21:04.000 Uh, for white residents. It's an 18 per 18 percentage point gap. 00:21:04.000 --> 00:21:09.000 Um, which unfortunately, uh, does match national patterns, but obviously raises major concerns. 00:21:09.000 --> 00:21:13.000 Um, for what we're going to see next. So, again, here at vulnerability scores, 00:21:13.000 --> 00:21:18.000 disability, um, employment, income, and so forth, uh, have a major impact here. 00:21:18.000 --> 00:21:21.000 Uh, by race. Then we wanted to look at 00:21:21.000 --> 00:21:25.000 Trust? To what degree was trust among these communities measurably different? 00:21:25.000 --> 00:21:32.000 And, overall, the Hispanic group, using a 20-measure trust index, including things like trusted neighbors, 00:21:32.000 --> 00:21:34.000 Trust in government, trust in the police and civic participation. 00:21:34.000 --> 00:21:38.000 Uh, we found far lower trust levels among the Hispanic group. 00:21:38.000 --> 00:21:43.000 Uh, and also a far lower voting, uh, voting as well, along with efficacy, the belief that their voice 00:21:43.000 --> 00:21:50.000 impacts decisions, 2.1 for the Hispanic group versus 3.3 for the white group there. 00:21:50.000 --> 00:21:55.000 then that looking at the consequences of a variety of shocks, so we'd have the power shut off, 00:21:55.000 --> 00:22:00.000 We had the fire as well. We also, of course, had COVID-19, 00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:03.000 going on about the same time that came afterwards. 00:22:03.000 --> 00:22:09.000 So we're looking at those different outcomes, and looking as well at the overall mental health scores. And what we found, interestingly, was that 00:22:09.000 --> 00:22:13.000 Here, trust had the biggest impact. 00:22:13.000 --> 00:22:20.000 on mental health more than vulnerability, and then inter-ethnic ties predicted better outcomes than all the rest of those. 00:22:20.000 --> 00:22:25.000 So that a point increase in intra-ethnic ties, so those bridging ties between people, 00:22:25.000 --> 00:22:30.000 increased mental health 1.3 points, and 0.4 points are being supported. 00:22:30.000 --> 00:22:34.000 So critical, again, to have ties between people to make individuals feel connected. 00:22:34.000 --> 00:22:39.000 So I'm going to wrap up now, and hopefully we'll have time for questions. So we have a bunch of policy implications. 00:22:39.000 --> 00:22:47.000 Uh, the first was that, while we often think about shocks in terms of vulnerability, our group's elderly, is English a second language? Are they poor, and so forth. 00:22:47.000 --> 00:22:50.000 In reality, we have found trust in systems 00:22:50.000 --> 00:22:54.000 a much better predictor than vulnerability by itself. 00:22:54.000 --> 00:22:59.000 We've also seen that the organizations in society, at least in this California town, 00:22:59.000 --> 00:23:02.000 that connected across ethnic groups, especially for Hispanic residents, 00:23:02.000 --> 00:23:07.000 We're at civil society organizations. Kiwanis clubs, 4-H clubs, Boy Scout Girl Scout clubs, and so forth. 00:23:07.000 --> 00:23:12.000 Those are clearly bridging agents, so local government should be funding and supporting these groups. 00:23:12.000 --> 00:23:15.000 We're also finding not a lot of 00:23:15.000 --> 00:23:19.000 connections through health partnerships, emergency response teams, and other organizations that you would hope 00:23:19.000 --> 00:23:26.000 We're making these, uh, intergroup connectivities. And finally, language access also is not the critical element here. 00:23:26.000 --> 00:23:30.000 Uh, it was really building these trusting relationships over time. 00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:32.000 So, to wrap up, then, I would say this 00:23:32.000 --> 00:23:35.000 California City really is a city of two tails. 00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:38.000 two communities in the same place, 00:23:38.000 --> 00:23:41.000 And evenly connected with different levels of resilience as well. 00:23:41.000 --> 00:23:51.000 There are organizations, like civil society ones, that can bridge them, and those should be invested in. And I worry, you know, more broadly that we're not just talking about a town in California, 00:23:51.000 --> 00:23:57.000 going through a fire, a loss of electricity and COVID, I think we're looking at now a society-wide problem. 00:23:57.000 --> 00:24:01.000 Um, where we not really investing enough in these bridging ties to connect groups. 00:24:01.000 --> 00:00:00.000 Thanks so much. 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:30.000 Santi Marlos is, too. 00:24:05.000 --> 00:24:13.000 Thank you so much, Daniel and Daniel. I'm now going to turn it over to Alessandra to facilitate questions. 00:24:13.000 --> 00:24:17.000 Thank you so much to both of our speakers, and. 00:24:17.000 --> 00:24:23.000 have some fantastic questions already popping up in the chat, and I also have. 00:24:23.000 --> 00:24:42.000 some questions, um, that I'd love. to raise, um… I don't know if… can we spotlight our speakers as well? Um, so, one… One thing that I noticed in the… the two talks is that. 00:24:42.000 --> 00:24:49.000 you know, um… Daniel Hansley, in your… in your presentation, you talked. 00:24:49.000 --> 00:25:03.000 Um, a little bit about immunity, right, being comprised of individuals, organizations, networks, and you talked about using this toolkit for really, sort of, like, ground-up community building, and that really left me wondering. 00:25:03.000 --> 00:25:14.000 Do you see a role for government in this in any way, even if it is just getting out of the way? And the sort of reverse question for. 00:25:14.000 --> 00:25:21.000 Daniel Aldrich, that I'd like to ask, before kind of getting both of your responses, is you did talk about government, right? You did suggest. 00:25:21.000 --> 00:25:24.000 that local government can fund, can support, can resource. 00:25:24.000 --> 00:25:37.000 Um, these organizations, institutions, civil society. But I wonder what role you see for individuals as volunteers, sort of leading these kinds of community-building efforts, so would love to, um. 00:25:37.000 --> 00:25:41.000 Get both of your, your responses, maybe in the order that you presented, if that's alright? 00:25:41.000 --> 00:25:45.000 Sure. Um… 00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:47.000 As my experience in the… 00:25:47.000 --> 00:25:50.000 in the country of New Zealand taught me 00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:54.000 you don't start talking about yourself until you talk about those that came before you. 00:25:54.000 --> 00:26:01.000 So, I do want… there's a few people I want to acknowledge. One of them is on this call. I think maybe Anne is as well, but first of all, I want to acknowledge 00:26:01.000 --> 00:26:05.000 and wine, uh, who actually, um, 00:26:05.000 --> 00:26:08.000 partnered with myself and Daniel Aldrich. 00:26:08.000 --> 00:26:14.000 Um, on the documentation that Daniel just shared in the Town of Cloverdale, California. 00:26:14.000 --> 00:26:19.000 Um, and uh, she leaned forward on it as a result of our collective work. 00:26:19.000 --> 00:26:24.000 with Mark Pentheon, who's on this call right now from the Earthquake Country Alliance. 00:26:24.000 --> 00:26:26.000 to basically better understand 00:26:26.000 --> 00:26:30.000 what could happen in the Sonoma County corridor. 00:26:30.000 --> 00:26:36.000 or Santa Rosa Quarter in Sonoma County during an earthquake on the Hayward Fault. 00:26:36.000 --> 00:26:40.000 And that's important to understand because a lot of the communities 00:26:40.000 --> 00:26:43.000 outside of San Francisco that were devastated by the 1906 earthquake. 00:26:43.000 --> 00:26:47.000 no one ever has actually talked or acknowledged that impact. 00:26:47.000 --> 00:26:53.000 So, the investment rate in San Francisco is infinitely higher around earthquakes than other areas nearby. 00:26:53.000 --> 00:26:57.000 And this work has actually now helped us advance. This year, we'll be advancing the first 00:26:57.000 --> 00:27:00.000 step in advancing a comprehensive 00:27:00.000 --> 00:27:05.000 resident-based up earthquake response strategies. Want to acknowledge their leadership and their support. 00:27:05.000 --> 00:27:09.000 And then I say I want to also acknowledge Professor Daniel Aldrich, 00:27:09.000 --> 00:27:15.000 who can tell you it was a very lonely world for a lot of us. I appreciate all of you showing up and being here now. 00:27:15.000 --> 00:27:18.000 But 15, 16 years ago, 00:27:18.000 --> 00:27:27.000 When we were talking about people as being first responders, there was a lot of folks that thought that that was radical and dangerous. 00:27:27.000 --> 00:27:29.000 For a lot of reasons, including… 00:27:29.000 --> 00:27:32.000 Having to share funding to invest in this work. 00:27:32.000 --> 00:27:34.000 And we know that's… if you work in government, you know that's… 00:27:34.000 --> 00:27:37.000 basically starting a civil war. 00:27:37.000 --> 00:27:43.000 And so, uh, thankfully with his white paper, I was finally able to waive 00:27:43.000 --> 00:27:47.000 Uh, around a document that said, like, social cohesion is the power of recovery. 00:27:47.000 --> 00:27:53.000 And… and that… I was so… so excited to read that on a train I had to get off, because people thought I was having a seizure. 00:27:53.000 --> 00:27:56.000 Um, so… 00:27:56.000 --> 00:28:00.000 But I want to offer that because we're all building on the shoulders of great people. 00:28:00.000 --> 00:28:03.000 And I also want to acknowledge the thousands of residents at Daniel and I 00:28:03.000 --> 00:28:08.000 have interviewed to date that have gone through the darkest of times and risen. 00:28:08.000 --> 00:28:13.000 From the ashes and shared their story to inform that other communities don't have to go through that. 00:28:13.000 --> 00:28:15.000 I share that with you because 00:28:15.000 --> 00:28:21.000 These answers are lying around you every day, and these solutions are around you every day. You just have to look for them. 00:28:21.000 --> 00:28:24.000 Right? It could be small stories, 00:28:24.000 --> 00:28:29.000 about a neighbor simply knocking on the door to ask for help to get their husband to the hospital. 00:28:29.000 --> 00:28:34.000 And it could be big stories, like the Vietnamese community in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina, 00:28:34.000 --> 00:28:38.000 And if you haven't seen a village called Versailles, the movie, you're missing out. 00:28:38.000 --> 00:28:41.000 And so I… that's my homework for everybody. Watch that movie. 00:28:41.000 --> 00:28:45.000 end-to-end will tell you all about community resilience in a manner you've never seen before. 00:28:45.000 --> 00:28:47.000 So, 00:28:47.000 --> 00:28:50.000 Yeah, guess what? You know, 00:28:50.000 --> 00:28:53.000 When you start to look at disasters in a manner that you look at 00:28:53.000 --> 00:28:55.000 you know, just life in general. 00:28:55.000 --> 00:29:00.000 You realize that if you're sitting in a meeting with a city council member, 00:29:00.000 --> 00:29:03.000 Don't talk about disasters, talk about public safety. 00:29:03.000 --> 00:29:07.000 So, there are two major programs in this country that are in every city. 00:29:07.000 --> 00:29:09.000 Neighborhood Watch. 00:29:09.000 --> 00:29:16.000 Right? Which is a block-based public safety strategy, which focuses on building social cohesion to reduce the level of crime. 00:29:16.000 --> 00:29:18.000 And then, of course, CERT. 00:29:18.000 --> 00:29:22.000 Which is up and running across this country in many places, and someone acknowledged that as well. 00:29:22.000 --> 00:29:25.000 And I just wanted to be very clear that 00:29:25.000 --> 00:29:28.000 CERT was one of the first programs to embrace Neighborfest. 00:29:28.000 --> 00:29:32.000 Because if you really look at this first model, yours says, okay, 00:29:32.000 --> 00:29:37.000 Check on yourself. Check on your family, and then, before you deploy to help the city, 00:29:37.000 --> 00:29:41.000 Make sure your neighbors are safe and they can care for themselves. 00:29:41.000 --> 00:29:43.000 Hold that first… the first two steps are hard. 00:29:43.000 --> 00:29:47.000 But the second step is much more complicated. 00:29:47.000 --> 00:29:49.000 Especially if you're dealing with a massive event with massive lifeline disruption. 00:29:49.000 --> 00:29:55.000 And every senior on your block or person with access and functional needs, including those that are hearing and impaired, 00:29:55.000 --> 00:29:57.000 Um, are going to be at risk. 00:29:57.000 --> 00:30:02.000 And so, it might be days or weeks before they're actually stable and you can leave. 00:30:02.000 --> 00:30:06.000 So the neighbors don't step up and take on that job. You can't leave. 00:30:06.000 --> 00:30:08.000 And if you're the only one who knows how to do it, 00:30:08.000 --> 00:30:10.000 You're a major… it's a bigger problem. 00:30:10.000 --> 00:30:15.000 So the block party model actually helps you build out that 00:30:15.000 --> 00:30:20.000 ability to continue to operate and function as a role as a CERC member, not as a care and shelter provider. 00:30:20.000 --> 00:30:24.000 And we have a brand new tool we're building in Sonoma County right now called Stay Safe. 00:30:24.000 --> 00:30:29.000 Which will be the first in-home embedded guide for people to craft customized 00:30:29.000 --> 00:30:33.000 Sheltering-in-place strategies for the individual. 00:30:33.000 --> 00:30:35.000 That will then offer a… 00:30:35.000 --> 00:30:39.000 a roadmap for them to deal with water, power, sewer, electricity disruption. 00:30:39.000 --> 00:30:43.000 but also allow you to rotate people coming in to help. 00:30:43.000 --> 00:30:46.000 So that they come in and know what's going on, know what needs to be done, 00:30:46.000 --> 00:30:51.000 And the person isn't being stressed out all the time because different people are showing up. 00:30:51.000 --> 00:30:53.000 having them repeat everything they need to do. 00:30:53.000 --> 00:30:55.000 So, I'll pause there, yield to Daniel. 00:30:55.000 --> 00:31:00.000 Okay, I just want to offer… we're a lot closer to making this a reality. 00:31:00.000 --> 00:31:05.000 It's just that we have to stop being intimidated by the opportunity. 00:31:05.000 --> 00:31:11.000 Yeah, thank you, Dan Hempsey. So, yeah, so Dan's been a tremendous person on the ground in this field for quite some time. So thrilled he could show up today. 00:31:11.000 --> 00:31:15.000 Uh, just to answer the questions that I saw in the chat, I saw a first question about 00:31:15.000 --> 00:31:17.000 K-12 schools, 00:31:17.000 --> 00:31:21.000 And also, sports leagues as well. I want to answer that first, if I could. 00:31:21.000 --> 00:31:26.000 Uh, these are great questions, and absolutely schools can serve as bridges. 00:31:26.000 --> 00:31:32.000 The reality, though, is that in many places that we've studied, whether in North America, Australia, or Japan, 00:31:32.000 --> 00:31:34.000 There is a big difference between kind of schools 00:31:34.000 --> 00:31:38.000 that different groups go to. And oftentimes, private schools, 00:31:38.000 --> 00:31:42.000 lock in a certain wealth and class and race at the same time, the constellation of factors. 00:31:42.000 --> 00:31:46.000 Which means not every school itself is going to be a site of bridging. 00:31:46.000 --> 00:31:51.000 Uh, sports, in contrast, can be, and then nationally a lot of the work by Raj Chetty, the economist, has argued. 00:31:51.000 --> 00:31:57.000 that one of the best social infrastructures that we have, actually are outdoor ballparks, 00:31:57.000 --> 00:31:59.000 Uh, places have placed like soccer fields, 00:31:59.000 --> 00:32:09.000 And also baseball stadiums, where kids from different backgrounds can get together, and he would argue in a kind of a vague way, that those are the spaces where those conversations happen, where you learn something you didn't know beforehand. 00:32:09.000 --> 00:32:12.000 So I think those are really, really critical as well. 00:32:12.000 --> 00:32:17.000 Um, then I also saw a comment in the chat about building trust. How do we do that? 00:32:17.000 --> 00:32:20.000 I think, again, building on what I saw in New Zealand, 00:32:20.000 --> 00:32:24.000 A lot of the work that I think, that's critical is flipping the script for agencies. 00:32:24.000 --> 00:32:27.000 rather than imagining that by sending out one-way communications, 00:32:27.000 --> 00:32:31.000 From a disaster agency to the people, somehow that's going to build trust. 00:32:31.000 --> 00:32:37.000 Uh, for example, in Wellington, people will actually leave the office for about a third of the time and embed in local communities. They go to every group. 00:32:37.000 --> 00:32:42.000 school group Aquinas Club, local mosques, synagogues, churches, they go to every event they can. 00:32:42.000 --> 00:32:46.000 To the degree that when I was there, 1 tenth of the internet traffic on the island 00:32:46.000 --> 00:32:49.000 went through their webpage, because every group in town knew about them. 00:32:49.000 --> 00:32:54.000 They were… they're not partisan, they're not interested in things, they're just there to provide information. 00:32:54.000 --> 00:32:57.000 And when a disaster does arrive, that means they're going to be trusted. 00:32:57.000 --> 00:32:59.000 flipping the script, I know what it means to build trust. 00:32:59.000 --> 00:33:10.000 I think having this inverted, having people from the agencies embedded in the community really helps to build that kind of process. And then to go back, I think Alexandra asked this question about individuals versus organizations. 00:33:10.000 --> 00:33:17.000 I think it's absolutely true that, obviously, we want every individual in the community to get involved. The simple reality is that many of us don't. 00:33:17.000 --> 00:33:24.000 And how do you get us out of the home is a whole different question. There's some great research that I've seen, uh, things like community currencies, for example. 00:33:24.000 --> 00:33:29.000 Which are ways of increasing people's engagement outside the home to increase volunteer rates, 00:33:29.000 --> 00:33:35.000 Dan Holmesy has been talking about block parties, another great way to do this. These are not weird activities, in the sense that they're 00:33:35.000 --> 00:33:45.000 scheduled by someone from out of state or out of town. These are bottom-up activities. I think the more that you can do to have Monday things, like, again, uh, you know, when you go to the library, when you go to school, 00:33:45.000 --> 00:33:51.000 Mario Small's written about even kindergartens can be sites of social connection, so that a lot of the things that we want to do 00:33:51.000 --> 00:33:57.000 should not be weird aspects. They shouldn't be something that you do once a year, like, oh, I remember the time last year we had that event. No, no. 00:33:57.000 --> 00:34:03.000 It should be that this is something that you do regularly. Social connection simply come through what we call microtransactions. 00:34:03.000 --> 00:34:10.000 You see someone for the first time, maybe you say hello. You see them the second time, maybe you remember their name. Third or fourth time, maybe you're sitting together at the same table. 00:34:10.000 --> 00:34:16.000 5 or 6 times, right? Maybe you talk about your kids, right? So no one is gonna jump in typically the first time and go all the way to full connection and trust. 00:34:16.000 --> 00:34:24.000 What we need are activities that regularly come into the community to build those kinds of connections. And again, that's what we see here. When you have a regular meeting, like a Kiwanis Club or, uh, 00:34:24.000 --> 00:34:36.000 Boy Scouts or Girl Scouts, whatever organizations you have, those are ways that both students or young people and their adults meet regularly. Another reason why we want these to be mundane activities, rather than, oh, the state has scheduled 00:34:36.000 --> 00:34:41.000 A once-year earthquake shakeout. Well, that's great, really important. Or once-a-year conference, also very nice. 00:34:41.000 --> 00:34:48.000 But the way you build trust isn't through that once-a-year event, it's going to be through regular interactions. 00:34:48.000 --> 00:34:57.000 I want to invite, um, folks in the audience, if anybody wants to raise their hand to ask a question, and while you're thinking of that and preparing to do that. 00:34:57.000 --> 00:35:10.000 Ask one more question from the chat. This is an earlier question that Sarah raised up about what happens when neighbors are separated, for example, in an evacuation, and I was wondering if you… you both had some… some thoughts on that. 00:35:10.000 --> 00:35:13.000 Well, we can look, um… 00:35:13.000 --> 00:35:16.000 All we do is look back at Hurricane Katrina. 00:35:16.000 --> 00:35:21.000 that their evacuation plan and relocation plan was a disaster. 00:35:21.000 --> 00:35:27.000 they literally just threw people on buses and just started shipping them out of the country… the city with absolutely no 00:35:27.000 --> 00:35:29.000 input from where they wanted to go. 00:35:29.000 --> 00:35:32.000 we had people show up in San Francisco, 00:35:32.000 --> 00:35:34.000 with children, this is important. 00:35:34.000 --> 00:35:40.000 We had people show up in San Francisco, single, like, mothers, that… with children, small children, sorry, 00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:43.000 It's pollen season in San Francisco. 00:35:43.000 --> 00:35:45.000 And… 00:35:45.000 --> 00:35:52.000 They had no social infrastructure support. And this goes back to what Daniel talks about. I want to be very clear about this. 00:35:52.000 --> 00:35:58.000 If you're a single mom living at home with two kids, but you live at home with your mother, 00:35:58.000 --> 00:36:00.000 she has her sister living there. 00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:03.000 you know, they have two family cars, 00:36:03.000 --> 00:36:11.000 That means you have built-in childcare, that means you have built-in transportation, that means you have built-in housing. You don't need that much money to survive under those conditions. 00:36:11.000 --> 00:36:16.000 You parachute people like that into a city like, San Francisco, 00:36:16.000 --> 00:36:18.000 You need to be making $175,000 a year just to buy a bagel. 00:36:18.000 --> 00:36:24.000 Alright? And that was one of the big lessons learned of Hurricane Katrina, is that 00:36:24.000 --> 00:36:28.000 there… the social connectivity, your social environment, 00:36:28.000 --> 00:36:31.000 actually has a dollar value. 00:36:31.000 --> 00:36:38.000 Right? And if your neighbor gives you a ride to the store, you just save 20 bucks on a Waymo. 00:36:38.000 --> 00:36:40.000 All right? And so… 00:36:40.000 --> 00:36:43.000 I want to offer that, because 00:36:43.000 --> 00:36:50.000 there are ways that people stay connected during, like, using WhatsApp and things like that. Like, they maintain social networks, 00:36:50.000 --> 00:36:55.000 via virtual, even though we're spread across the country. They did participate. 00:36:55.000 --> 00:36:58.000 in the city's recovery planning process, Dr. Lori Johnson, 00:36:58.000 --> 00:37:00.000 you know, working on that as well, right? 00:37:00.000 --> 00:37:04.000 But I do want to be very clear. 00:37:04.000 --> 00:37:10.000 The work that we have to first focus on is Maslow hierarchy of Needs, is safety and health, right? 00:37:10.000 --> 00:37:14.000 Now, if people get separated as neighbors and they go to different places, right? 00:37:14.000 --> 00:37:21.000 They may be going to their other family members' houses and such, right? If there's a continuity of social connectivity, 00:37:21.000 --> 00:37:24.000 That provides them the ability to protect their health and well-being. 00:37:24.000 --> 00:37:26.000 That's all that really matters, right? 00:37:26.000 --> 00:37:32.000 Um, many people now, when they do the work of creating the… within the Neighborfest model, 00:37:32.000 --> 00:37:37.000 And they fill out our registration form, which collects the baseline data about, you know, yourself, who you are, 00:37:37.000 --> 00:37:40.000 your contact information, the next layer being 00:37:40.000 --> 00:37:44.000 Do you have anybody in your home that's vulnerable that may need help in a disaster that could be checked on? 00:37:44.000 --> 00:37:47.000 protecting HIPAA laws, or such. 00:37:47.000 --> 00:37:55.000 And then lastly, what services can you provide expertise, and what resources could you provide that they ever get in a disaster? You have all that information. 00:37:55.000 --> 00:37:59.000 All of a sudden, you're like, okay, this person moved away if I have their contact info. 00:37:59.000 --> 00:38:02.000 I should let them know that someone's camping in their house right now. 00:38:02.000 --> 00:38:07.000 Right? They gave it to you willfully because they want you to communicate with them, because that means they trust you. 00:38:07.000 --> 00:38:10.000 Right? So that's one way to offset that impact. 00:38:10.000 --> 00:38:14.000 But what we really want to go back to is this issue about access and functional needs. 00:38:14.000 --> 00:38:17.000 the person who brought up the issues regarding, uh, 00:38:17.000 --> 00:38:20.000 people that have… are hearing impaired. 00:38:20.000 --> 00:38:24.000 It's unacceptable how many people with access and functional needs 00:38:24.000 --> 00:38:29.000 dying disasters. Vance Taylor, if you were here right now, with this Cal OES's Access Functional Needs Leads, 00:38:29.000 --> 00:38:36.000 75% of the people that died in New Orleans were left to drown in the Ninth War. With access and functional needs. 00:38:36.000 --> 00:38:39.000 That's unacceptable. 00:38:39.000 --> 00:38:46.000 And we need to train neighbors to work with their neighbors that have access to functional needs to understand how they can help with them during times of death. 00:38:46.000 --> 00:38:52.000 stress, and we need the neighbors that have access to what needs to train their neighbors on how to help them during 00:38:52.000 --> 00:38:55.000 times that when they have access and functional needs barriers. 00:38:55.000 --> 00:39:01.000 turn times to stress. There needs to be pre-event investment by the community to support these folks. 00:39:01.000 --> 00:39:05.000 I'll close on this. The Earthquake Country Alliance, Mark Matthews on this call, 00:39:05.000 --> 00:39:12.000 we talk about all these things all the time, especially during earthquakes, and we had one working group where there was a gentleman on there who was a passionate 00:39:12.000 --> 00:39:17.000 advocate for access to functional needs, and he taught me something that I'd never heard before. 00:39:17.000 --> 00:39:20.000 And I yield to the group of, this is wrong, but this is what he taught me. 00:39:20.000 --> 00:39:27.000 What do you do if you walk into a house during a pending massage earthquake or some kind of disaster, wildfire? 00:39:27.000 --> 00:39:29.000 And you find some on the couch, 00:39:29.000 --> 00:39:31.000 who's blind and deaf. 00:39:31.000 --> 00:39:37.000 What do you do to help them understand that you're… to help them, and they should trust you and leave the house with them? 00:39:37.000 --> 00:39:40.000 What's the action you take? Does anybody know? 00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:44.000 I never knew this myself, so I'm not trying to do a gotcha moment here. 00:39:44.000 --> 00:39:50.000 All right, time's up. You draw an X on their back. 00:39:50.000 --> 00:39:56.000 And if you draw an X on their back, that means I'm here to help you, trust me, follow my lead so you'll leave. 00:39:56.000 --> 00:39:59.000 the house. Can you imagine what it's like to be 00:39:59.000 --> 00:40:03.000 Walk into someone's house, there's a wildfire coming, they're in that condition. 00:40:03.000 --> 00:40:05.000 And you can't get them to leave because they don't know who you are. 00:40:05.000 --> 00:40:08.000 How traumatizing it would be for both of you. 00:40:08.000 --> 00:40:13.000 That's the kind of intelligence we need to start investing in our communities. 00:40:13.000 --> 00:40:21.000 It's a hard answer to follow, but I'll try to answer the other question you asked, which was about networks surviving a shock. So we actually have a new paper that we're putting out soon. 00:40:21.000 --> 00:40:26.000 That shows that even after the most severe shocks that we've studied in North America, Australia, and Japan, 00:40:26.000 --> 00:40:31.000 Most social networks do reconvene, they do reconfigure, in the same way 00:40:31.000 --> 00:40:34.000 Uh, they may not necessarily be meeting in the same spot at the same time, 00:40:34.000 --> 00:40:42.000 But, for example, we have found that those friendships tend to continue, and those networks continue. They might do it into different ways, or they might be going from in-person to virtual. 00:40:42.000 --> 00:40:51.000 you're in different states, it might be a WhatsApp group that you have with neighbors rather than meeting in person. But what we have found that more than half of the social networks that existed before shock, 00:40:51.000 --> 00:40:55.000 Is it after, and that was an earlier question I had here, which is a question about, can he predict 00:40:55.000 --> 00:41:03.000 recovery after the shock based on pre-disaster social networks, and I would say the answer from all of our research. We have 125 articles so far, is yes. 00:41:03.000 --> 00:41:07.000 Uh, in many cases, we can predict better the outcome based on social capital. 00:41:07.000 --> 00:41:17.000 From before the shock than we can in other things, like resilience, aid from the state, and demographics. 00:41:17.000 --> 00:41:21.000 Thank you. So I just… I wanted to just follow up on those great 00:41:21.000 --> 00:41:28.000 answers that Daniel Daniel just gave to… to tease out, sort of, one other little aspect, if you could elaborate a little bit more, because 00:41:28.000 --> 00:41:34.000 Right, because when we're talking about this important enable-to-enable contact, right, 00:41:34.000 --> 00:41:37.000 These examples tend to have a certain… 00:41:37.000 --> 00:41:39.000 level of… 00:41:39.000 --> 00:41:41.000 more… 00:41:41.000 --> 00:41:49.000 Um, capable, able people mixed with people who have special needs, but often there are concentrations, right? You might have… 00:41:49.000 --> 00:41:53.000 some sort of group living facility, you might 00:41:53.000 --> 00:42:00.000 be evacuating people not to be living in new neighborhoods, but to be in an evacuation center or together, and I was wondering, 00:42:00.000 --> 00:42:10.000 If you could talk a little bit more about what to do when you have concentrations of people who need help. 00:42:10.000 --> 00:42:14.000 Yeah, it's, um… 00:42:14.000 --> 00:42:15.000 It's a big deal. Uh, first of all, 00:42:15.000 --> 00:42:20.000 in a major disaster, you have to even determine whether or not there is a place to take them. 00:42:20.000 --> 00:42:22.000 Um, and… 00:42:22.000 --> 00:42:25.000 Frankly, when they get there, do they want to stay there? 00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:29.000 Right? People with access to functional needs, and seniors, 00:42:29.000 --> 00:42:31.000 don't really like to leave. 00:42:31.000 --> 00:42:40.000 Um, and go anywhere. Uh, we saw that in 1989 here in San Francisco in the Marina District, which was decimated by liquefaction. 00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:44.000 is seniors wouldn't leave their homes without all their family photos. 00:42:44.000 --> 00:42:50.000 Uh, because they knew the home was going to be destroyed, and they didn't want to lose them all. So, like, firefighters had to go in and literally 00:42:50.000 --> 00:42:53.000 pack up all the family photos. 00:42:53.000 --> 00:42:58.000 Right? Because that was meant more to them than their life at that time. Um… 00:42:58.000 --> 00:43:02.000 I do feel like, um, you're raising some really important points about 00:43:02.000 --> 00:43:05.000 moving people, uh… 00:43:05.000 --> 00:43:12.000 So, packing someone up and running out the door with them to a shelter, but leaving all their medications behind could be a death sentence. 00:43:12.000 --> 00:43:16.000 Um, and that's why part of our playbook is to carry… we want to honor the vial of life. 00:43:16.000 --> 00:43:23.000 program, uh, which has been around for a long time, which collects medical information about medicines and such. 00:43:23.000 --> 00:43:31.000 makes sense, like, well, traditionally, it was in the freezer, and there's a sticker, you could grab it, and then the first responders could grab it, so if the person was incapacitated, they'd go to the hospital and know what 00:43:31.000 --> 00:43:34.000 they could do without killing them because they were taking certain drugs. 00:43:34.000 --> 00:43:37.000 And so, we want to combine that. 00:43:37.000 --> 00:43:42.000 and the shelter-in-place with a smart evacuation strategy, which the, uh, Nancy Brown 00:43:42.000 --> 00:43:47.000 in the state… in Sonoma County, in the Department of Management is leading right now. 00:43:47.000 --> 00:43:55.000 Because you have to have a… you have to have… you have to be flexible. You never… you know what's going to happen. You know, the first… they survived the earthquake, the second earthquake, they can be injured, let's get out of here. 00:43:55.000 --> 00:44:00.000 Um, working with congregate housing sites is much more difficult. 00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:06.000 And we are doing that in Cloverdale, California as well. What we all should recognize is that 00:44:06.000 --> 00:44:11.000 Paradise, California, and all these other towns are becoming major destinations for retirees. 00:44:11.000 --> 00:44:13.000 They're picking up roots, 00:44:13.000 --> 00:44:19.000 They're disconnecting from all their social networks, they're moving out in the middle of nowhere, and when it's time to go, 00:44:19.000 --> 00:44:25.000 All the folks that normally would help someone aren't there, because these people have just parachuted these communities, right? 00:44:25.000 --> 00:44:29.000 And so, Cloverdale, California is building 00:44:29.000 --> 00:44:31.000 assisted living facilities left and right. 00:44:31.000 --> 00:44:33.000 Uh, because the land is cheap and the labor's cheap. 00:44:33.000 --> 00:44:38.000 But these folks, all their family members could live as far away as 150, 200 miles. 00:44:38.000 --> 00:44:40.000 And so, it's up to that facility to safely 00:44:40.000 --> 00:44:44.000 either evacuate them or help them shelter in place. 00:44:44.000 --> 00:44:49.000 And, um, and that's a huge burden to move 150 residents if 20 of them have dementia. 00:44:49.000 --> 00:44:53.000 in vans that are contracted with a vendor that can't get to them. What do you do? 00:44:53.000 --> 00:44:59.000 Right? So, these small towns with, like, 3 or 4 first responders, like Cloverdale, 00:44:59.000 --> 00:45:04.000 are being layered with all these new, complicated sheltering and evacuation models. 00:45:04.000 --> 00:45:11.000 that are being driven economically, that the city never had to deal with before. Before, it was just a multi-generational city. People cared for themselves. 00:45:11.000 --> 00:45:13.000 If you're hungry, you went out back and shot a deer and ate it. 00:45:13.000 --> 00:45:18.000 Right? Now you have all these high-needs residents on special diets that have mobility issues, 00:45:18.000 --> 00:45:21.000 that you have to… you can't just feed them anything. 00:45:21.000 --> 00:45:23.000 You know? Um… 00:45:23.000 --> 00:45:27.000 And not to mention that we all know that I believe it's, like, some ridiculous percentage of 00:45:27.000 --> 00:45:33.000 people that are moved during disasters die within the next year because of the trauma. 00:45:33.000 --> 00:45:36.000 Uh, that's caused by the evacuation. So… 00:45:36.000 --> 00:45:39.000 It's not easy, we're trying to solve that problem in Cloverdale, uh… 00:45:39.000 --> 00:45:46.000 If you want to track what we're doing up there, building on the research of Daniel Aldrich and such, I think we're cracking a lot of nuts. 00:45:46.000 --> 00:45:53.000 Uh, because the city of Cloverdale was basically left alone for 5 days without electricity or natural gas during the Kincaid Fire, 00:45:53.000 --> 00:45:55.000 with no support of government, 00:45:55.000 --> 00:45:58.000 Only the local stakeholders. The Kiwanis Club and the Lions Club. 00:45:58.000 --> 00:46:02.000 fed 700 migrant farmworkers and their children. 00:46:02.000 --> 00:46:04.000 in the county fairground that's there. 00:46:04.000 --> 00:46:11.000 And, uh, we all help the seniors shelter in place, as you saw there, as well as supporting the congruent housing sites. 00:46:11.000 --> 00:46:13.000 I want to be very clear. 00:46:13.000 --> 00:46:16.000 During the fires that's hit Sonoma County on a regular basis, 00:46:16.000 --> 00:46:21.000 the managers of congregate housing sites abandoned the tenants to go take care of their family. 00:46:21.000 --> 00:46:24.000 So you don't even have someone there that's in charge. 00:46:24.000 --> 00:46:28.000 So, I'm not trying to scare you or intimidate you, I'm just trying to… 00:46:28.000 --> 00:46:31.000 show you the promised land. 00:46:31.000 --> 00:46:34.000 This is the promise. You're gonna have to deal with this, right? 00:46:34.000 --> 00:46:38.000 And so, beginning this work now and connecting everybody, 00:46:38.000 --> 00:46:43.000 is… is the… is the first step, and you'll find that everybody agrees there's something to be done about it. 00:46:43.000 --> 00:46:46.000 But there's really no infrastructure everywhere to do something about it. 00:46:46.000 --> 00:46:51.000 And that's what we're trying to create that system right now. We look forward to sharing with you more updates on how we do that. 00:46:51.000 --> 00:47:07.000 Um, beyond this… beyond just Cloverdale. 00:47:07.000 --> 00:47:12.000 Yeah, hi. Um… This isn't a perfect comparison, but. 00:47:12.000 --> 00:47:17.000 I thought it… I would share some personal observations about. 00:47:17.000 --> 00:47:27.000 my experience living in Minneapolis in the last few weeks. Um… you know, there's gonna be certain people that are gonna be more vulnerable to disasters, however they come about. 00:47:27.000 --> 00:47:31.000 And, uh, in this case, it's often people who. 00:47:31.000 --> 00:47:37.000 have fear about… their inability to trust institutions, and I think. 00:47:37.000 --> 00:47:44.000 what's been happening here, uh, is that there are certain institutions that. 00:47:44.000 --> 00:47:50.000 are more trusted, and those tend to be schools, and… churches. 00:47:50.000 --> 00:47:56.000 And so people who, you know, require assistance. may only have the most tenuous. 00:47:56.000 --> 00:48:02.000 connections to institutions that may be able to provide help, and those are sort of the gateway institutions. 00:48:02.000 --> 00:48:07.000 And from that, there are, you know, there are networks. 00:48:07.000 --> 00:48:12.000 Uh… in communities that are, you know, very informal. 00:48:12.000 --> 00:48:22.000 And they sort of… create internal communications, then can create some connections with these trusted institutions and with trusted. 00:48:22.000 --> 00:48:27.000 um, informal organizations that can help. So I guess, you know. 00:48:27.000 --> 00:48:36.000 especially these days, all… all disaster is… occurs in a political context, and whether it's a natural disaster or not, you know. 00:48:36.000 --> 00:48:45.000 FEMA may have different response in different areas, that sort of thing. And so there's… I think there's something to be learned in, sort of. 00:48:45.000 --> 00:48:51.000 thinking about, you know, what's happening in terms of, um. 00:48:51.000 --> 00:48:56.000 folks in our communities that don't have the ability to trust institutions. 00:48:56.000 --> 00:49:01.000 And, uh, don't have the ability to provide for themselves in. 00:49:01.000 --> 00:49:09.000 in these situations, and uh… how… how community and. 00:49:09.000 --> 00:49:18.000 trust is just so important in all this, and it's really been, um… well, I shouldn't say too much. It's been interesting. 00:49:18.000 --> 00:49:19.000 And I don't have a question, just a comment. 00:49:19.000 --> 00:49:26.000 I can respond to actually what Steve said, but I think it's a great example. You know, one of the things that I've found, and I think Dan would agree with me, is that 00:49:26.000 --> 00:49:28.000 It isn't that social capital only works 00:49:28.000 --> 00:49:30.000 in certain moments. 00:49:30.000 --> 00:49:34.000 For example, it's not that it only works during peacetime, or only during shocks, 00:49:34.000 --> 00:49:38.000 Whether it's, uh, you know, the ICE presence in Minneapolis, whether it's COVID-19, 00:49:38.000 --> 00:49:42.000 Uh, whether it's the 1995 Cobra earthquake, or the Paradise fires that we're talking about, 00:49:42.000 --> 00:49:45.000 We have found consistently over time and space, 00:49:45.000 --> 00:49:52.000 that these bottom-up relationships are the driver of resilience in communities. We didn't talk enough about mental health in this talk, I would emphasize 00:49:52.000 --> 00:49:54.000 that all of our research, including Fukushima, 00:49:54.000 --> 00:50:01.000 One of the most intensive overtime radiological disasters of our time. There, as well, social capital was the only factor we found making a difference. 00:50:01.000 --> 00:50:07.000 the lives of survivors, uh, and whether it's here as well. I heard Governor Walts talking today about this idea 00:50:07.000 --> 00:50:13.000 of recovery. This process of a shock, whether it's, again, a personal shock, a community, or a national one, 00:50:13.000 --> 00:50:21.000 These are ones that are driven and magnified through our social connections. So, and then on this call, we have a lot of research out there, almost all of it's open-sourced, 00:50:21.000 --> 00:50:30.000 Available, uh, through open source sources like ResearchGate as well. I've got a runner for which to go teach, but I would say, uh, this conversation is really important because I think everyone should recognize 00:50:30.000 --> 00:50:33.000 We often think this is important, we're talking about it right now, 00:50:33.000 --> 00:50:40.000 If you look at our spending priorities, how North America spends, how Japan spends, how Australia spends, we spend more on tech, we spend more on 00:50:40.000 --> 00:50:43.000 Great stuff, like new bridges and new ports and more dams. 00:50:43.000 --> 00:50:55.000 90-plus percent of the money that we spend post-disaster on recovery has nothing to do with the social networks and social infrastructure that are driving the actual recovery processes. So the problem is, we on this call right now, the 130-odd of us, 00:50:55.000 --> 00:51:00.000 Recognize the importance of social capital and social infrastructure, but when it comes to spending, 00:51:00.000 --> 00:51:05.000 Over and over again, politicians prioritize gray infrastructure, not social infrastructure, and I think 00:51:05.000 --> 00:51:13.000 Dad Holmesy has been this on-the-ground person fighting in the trenches to make this work. I've been trying in my two or three journal articles to make it work. 00:51:13.000 --> 00:51:15.000 I think our job here is really to impress on everyone on this call 00:51:15.000 --> 00:51:21.000 We need to reorder our priorities as a society, recognizing that whether it's an ICE attack in Minneapolis, 00:51:21.000 --> 00:51:31.000 or processes in Japan, or those in Australia, or fire in Australia, these are all things that would mitigate it not by spending top-down, but by having communities that are strong and resilient. So, I've got to run, thank you all very much. 00:51:31.000 --> 00:51:35.000 Uh, it's been a great conversation. 00:51:35.000 --> 00:51:41.000 Thank you so much, and thank you to both of our speakers. I think we're, um, gonna wrap up. 00:51:41.000 --> 00:51:53.000 Just 5 minutes early, given the fact that we had a smaller group, although I hate to stop the conversation, I hope folks will keep chatting in the. 00:51:53.000 --> 00:51:59.000 Um, only the chat is evidence that this is a really interesting and 00:51:59.000 --> 00:52:09.000 near to everybody's heart topic, because we all live in a community, and so we could all think about it in the context of our own lives, so thank you, Daniel and Daniel, and Daniel H., you have 00:52:09.000 --> 00:52:10.000 Yeah, I… 00:52:10.000 --> 00:52:11.000 your finger is up, so you have something else to say. 00:52:11.000 --> 00:52:16.000 The real finger, not the, uh, virtual one. Um, I believe my colleague, uh… 00:52:16.000 --> 00:52:20.000 Mark Bentheon did put the link for the Neighborfest playbook. 00:52:20.000 --> 00:52:28.000 Um, in… in the chat, so please click on it. It's end-to-end, it'll help you. I do want to close with this final call to action. 00:52:28.000 --> 00:52:33.000 as the folks in New Orleans taught us, Latoya Cantrell, who's now mayor, she said, 00:52:33.000 --> 00:52:37.000 The Calvary is not coming. You are the Calvary. 00:52:37.000 --> 00:52:39.000 It's very important to understand that 00:52:39.000 --> 00:52:45.000 we lose a lot of folks because people wait around for the first responders to show up, and when they don't, it's too late. 00:52:45.000 --> 00:52:47.000 So, just remember, like, 00:52:47.000 --> 00:52:53.000 Millions of block parties are hosted every year in this country. You don't have to have anyone's permission. 00:52:53.000 --> 00:52:58.000 to host a block party. So, if you're passionate and you care, and you're on this call today, 00:52:58.000 --> 00:53:00.000 go home and throw a block party. 00:53:00.000 --> 00:53:05.000 Today, if all of the people on this call did that, I guarantee you a thousand lives will be saved. 00:53:05.000 --> 00:53:08.000 So, don't… let's just all eat our own dog food. 00:53:08.000 --> 00:53:11.000 And let's go start being the face of this work. 00:53:11.000 --> 00:53:12.000 And I appreciate the chance to share that with you today. 00:53:12.000 --> 00:53:19.000 Thank you. 00:53:19.000 --> 00:53:25.000 Thank you, thanks so much. I'll hand it back to Sarah, I think. 00:53:25.000 --> 00:53:30.000 Hello, hello, hello! Well, thank you everyone for, uh, 00:53:30.000 --> 00:53:32.000 fantastic, and… 00:53:32.000 --> 00:53:37.000 Moving and thought-provoking session, that was wonderful. Um, we're going to take 00:53:37.000 --> 00:53:42.000 Sleep in here alone 00:53:42.000 --> 00:53:45.000 You know my dream in color. 00:53:45.000 --> 00:53:46.000 And do the things I want. 00:53:46.000 --> 00:53:49.000 break to reset ourselves, and so everybody please go and come back at 10.45 Pacific time, except if you are in the next session, in which case, please hang around so we can get you set up. 00:53:49.000 --> 00:53:55.000 Thank you so muchI think you've