WEBVTT

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/326-0
00:00:11.150 --> 00:00:14.203
<v Cebry, Sara B>I'll pass the mic to Tamara Jeppson who will introduce today's speaker Sara Beth Cebry.  Sarah Beth joined us in June,
starting as a Mendenhall</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/326-1
00:00:14.203 --> 00:00:17.534
<v Cebry, Sara B>postdoc. Did her undergraduate
work in civil engineering at</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/326-2
00:00:17.534 --> 00:00:20.753
<v Cebry, Sara B>Worcester Polytechnic Institute,
and she went on to be an</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/326-3
00:00:20.753 --> 00:00:23.918
<v Cebry, Sara B>engineer for a couple of years,
working on designing and</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/326-4
00:00:23.918 --> 00:00:27.193
<v Cebry, Sara B>analyzing structural aspects of
government projects before</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/326-5
00:00:27.193 --> 00:00:28.470
<v Cebry, Sara B>deciding to pursue her </v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/336-0
00:00:28.470 --> 00:00:30.710
<v Cebry, Sara B>Graduate degree at Cornell
University.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/354-0
00:00:31.270 --> 00:00:34.003
<v Cebry, Sara B>and her PhD with Greg McCloskey,
a former Mendenhall post doc</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/354-1
00:00:34.003 --> 00:00:36.693
<v Cebry, Sara B>here that many of you may know,
worked at the Rock Mechanics</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/354-2
00:00:36.693 --> 00:00:36.870
<v Cebry, Sara B>Lab.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/362-0
00:00:37.760 --> 00:00:40.640
<v Cebry, Sara B>And there she worked with his
large-scale laboratory fault</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/362-1
00:00:40.640 --> 00:00:41.080
<v Cebry, Sara B>geometry.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/404-0
00:00:42.800 --> 00:00:45.887
<v Cebry, Sara B>His large scale laboratory
apparatus to examine linkages</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/404-1
00:00:45.887 --> 00:00:49.190
<v Cebry, Sara B>between stress heterogeneity is
caused by fluid geometry are</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/404-2
00:00:49.190 --> 00:00:52.548
<v Cebry, Sara B>fluid injection, and the links
between those rupture behavior</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/404-3
00:00:52.548 --> 00:00:55.797
<v Cebry, Sara B>and I think should be talking
about some of that today with</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/404-4
00:00:55.797 --> 00:00:55.960
<v Cebry, Sara B>us.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/415-0
00:00:55.960 --> 00:01:00.091
<v Cebry, Sara B>So she's really become an expert
in using large experimental</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/415-1
00:01:00.091 --> 00:01:02.800
<v Cebry, Sara B>apparatus to study earthquake
behavior.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/433-0
00:01:03.280 --> 00:01:06.425
<v Cebry, Sara B>We managed to draw her over here
to the West Coast to work here</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/433-1
00:01:06.425 --> 00:01:09.080
<v Cebry, Sara B>on the 2M by Axel apparatus in
the lab that we have, </v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/438-0
00:01:09.880 --> 00:01:11.240
<v Cebry, Sara B>which is currently still in
pieces.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/458-0
00:01:12.220 --> 00:01:15.329
<v Cebry, Sara B>She's very nice to jump. in to
starting to get that set up</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/458-1
00:01:15.329 --> 00:01:18.650
<v Cebry, Sara B>again, as well as working with
the induced seismicity, looking</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/458-2
00:01:18.650 --> 00:01:21.180
<v Cebry, Sara B>at identifying repeating
earthquakes in Kansas.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/481-0
00:01:22.760 --> 00:01:25.831
<v Cebry, Sara B>So that worked with the
laboratory work that she'll be</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/481-1
00:01:25.831 --> 00:01:29.237
<v Cebry, Sara B>doing here to better understand
links between laboratory and</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/481-2
00:01:29.237 --> 00:01:32.699
<v Cebry, Sara B>field scale observations of the
physical processes that drive</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/481-3
00:01:32.699 --> 00:01:33.760
<v Cebry, Sara B>induced seismicity.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/484-0
00:01:39.690 --> 00:01:40.210
<v Cebry, Sara B>Thank you.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/487-0
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<v Cebry, Sara B>Set up.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/489-0
00:01:50.170 --> 00:01:50.330
<v Cebry, Sara B>OK.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/495-0
00:01:51.180 --> 00:01:52.940
<v Cebry, Sara B>So thank you for the
introduction.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/507-0
00:01:55.590 --> 00:01:58.683
<v Cebry, Sara B>I'm Sarah Beth seabury. And
today I'm going to be talking</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/507-1
00:01:58.683 --> 00:01:59.270
<v Cebry, Sara B>about work.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/520-0
00:01:59.310 --> 00:02:02.566
<v Cebry, Sara B>Most most it's primarily going
to be work that I did during my</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/520-1
00:02:02.566 --> 00:02:03.910
<v Cebry, Sara B>PhD at Cornell University.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/529-0
00:02:05.440 --> 00:02:07.320
<v Cebry, Sara B>And then just a little bit on
what I'm going to do here.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/531-0
00:02:09.040 --> 00:02:09.120
<v Cebry, Sara B>So.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/542-0
00:02:10.160 --> 00:02:13.507
<v Cebry, Sara B>I still think I need to really
explain to anyone here that</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/542-1
00:02:13.507 --> 00:02:15.720
<v Cebry, Sara B>induce seismicity is a problem,
right?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/562-0
00:02:15.720 --> 00:02:18.761
<v Cebry, Sara B>So we know that human activity
can create earthquakes either</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/562-1
00:02:18.761 --> 00:02:21.952
<v Cebry, Sara B>through wastewater disposal, oil
and gas operations or enhanced</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/562-2
00:02:21.952 --> 00:02:22.800
<v Cebry, Sara B>geothermal wells.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/605-0
00:02:24.360 --> 00:02:28.804
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so this has been responsible
for like an order of magnitude</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/605-1
00:02:28.804 --> 00:02:33.040
<v Cebry, Sara B>increase in seismicity in the
US, Oklahoma and Texas. And so</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/605-2
00:02:33.040 --> 00:02:37.485
<v Cebry, Sara B>one of the ways that this occurs
is via direct fluid injection,</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/605-3
00:02:37.485 --> 00:02:39.360
<v Cebry, Sara B>where water is directed or.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/624-0
00:02:40.150 --> 00:02:43.301
<v Cebry, Sara B>Injected directly onto a fault
interface, and so when I talk</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/624-1
00:02:43.301 --> 00:02:46.503
<v Cebry, Sara B>about fluid injection, this is
what I'm thinking about in the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/624-2
00:02:46.503 --> 00:02:46.710
<v Cebry, Sara B>lab.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/646-0
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<v Cebry, Sara B>They're kind of so despite our
observations of induced</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/646-1
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<v Cebry, Sara B>seismicity, there are kind of
two mechanisms, like really</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/646-2
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<v Cebry, Sara B>basic mechanisms that come into
play.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/656-0
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<v Cebry, Sara B>The first one is the effective
stress value or like a Coulomb</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/656-1
00:02:58.820 --> 00:02:59.300
<v Cebry, Sara B>failure law.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/679-0
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<v Cebry, Sara B>Where you have some normal
stress on the fault and some</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/679-1
00:03:03.483 --> 00:03:07.031
<v Cebry, Sara B>shear stress, and when you
increase fluid pressure you</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/679-2
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<v Cebry, Sara B>decrease the effective normal
stress and that can cause fault</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/679-3
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<v Cebry, Sara B>reactivation.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/690-0
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<v Cebry, Sara B>So this governs when a fault is
going to slip.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/704-0
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<v Cebry, Sara B>So this governs when the fault
goes from locked to starting to</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/704-1
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<v Cebry, Sara B>slip.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/730-0
00:03:22.030 --> 00:03:25.416
<v Cebry, Sara B>But it doesn't control how the
fault will slip, whether it's</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/730-1
00:03:25.416 --> 00:03:28.746
<v Cebry, Sara B>gonna stay asymic or whether it
throws into a large seismic</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/730-2
00:03:28.746 --> 00:03:30.190
<v Cebry, Sara B>event that produces waves.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/732-0
00:03:33.000 --> 00:03:33.640
<v Cebry, Sara B>Controlled bias.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/741-0
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<v Cebry, Sara B>What we think of, it's like a
critical nucleation length.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/752-0
00:03:36.760 --> 00:03:40.085
<v Cebry, Sara B>So here if we have distance
along the fault and time and</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/752-1
00:03:40.085 --> 00:03:42.360
<v Cebry, Sara B>these are just like snapshots in
time.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/758-0
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<v Cebry, Sara B>Part of the fault starts to
slip.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/776-0
00:03:46.950 --> 00:03:50.774
<v Cebry, Sara B>That slipping patch grows and
grows and grows until it hits a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/776-1
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<v Cebry, Sara B>critical point, which we refer
to as H star.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/783-0
00:03:53.550 --> 00:03:57.030
<v Cebry, Sara B>But it's the critical nucleation
length, also known as L sub C.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/803-0
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<v Cebry, Sara B>And when it hits that critical
point, that's when the slipping</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/803-1
00:04:02.040 --> 00:04:03.240
<v Cebry, Sara B>patch starts to accelerate.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/806-0
00:04:03.240 --> 00:04:06.600
<v Cebry, Sara B>Radiate seismic waves and you
get a earthquake.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/819-0
00:04:08.690 --> 00:04:11.174
<v Cebry, Sara B>But one thing to note about this
is that it's inversely</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/819-1
00:04:11.174 --> 00:04:13.170
<v Cebry, Sara B>proportional to the effective
normal stress.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/829-0
00:04:13.650 --> 00:04:17.315
<v Cebry, Sara B>So in theory, as you inject
water, you lower that effective</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/829-1
00:04:17.315 --> 00:04:18.170
<v Cebry, Sara B>normal stress.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/844-0
00:04:18.370 --> 00:04:22.179
<v Cebry, Sara B>It should promote a seismic
slip, so it should not promote</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/844-1
00:04:22.179 --> 00:04:22.890
<v Cebry, Sara B>seismicity.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/854-0
00:04:23.810 --> 00:04:26.973
<v Cebry, Sara B>But that's obviously doesn't
agree with the fact that we see</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/854-1
00:04:26.973 --> 00:04:28.010
<v Cebry, Sara B>induced earthquakes.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/861-0
00:04:30.210 --> 00:04:32.250
<v Cebry, Sara B>So a lot of the questions kind
of come out.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/865-0
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<v Cebry, Sara B>How does this like?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/875-0
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<v Cebry, Sara B>How do these two kind of fit
together with our observations?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/882-0
00:04:38.760 --> 00:04:41.480
<v Cebry, Sara B>So there have been kind of like
one of the common thoughts.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/897-0
00:04:43.640 --> 00:04:46.301
<v Cebry, Sara B>And I use this kind of figure
over here because I think they</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/897-1
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<v Cebry, Sara B>have a really nice cartoon.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/904-0
00:04:49.200 --> 00:04:53.640
<v Cebry, Sara B>Where you have fluid pressure
injecting onto a fault plane.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/915-0
00:04:55.850 --> 00:04:58.777
<v Cebry, Sara B>Food pressure increases at the
center of the fault and starts</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/915-1
00:04:58.777 --> 00:04:59.250
<v Cebry, Sara B>to spread.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/938-0
00:05:00.800 --> 00:05:04.539
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so that you get your a
seismic slip in this kind of</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/938-1
00:05:04.539 --> 00:05:08.680
<v Cebry, Sara B>blue region up here. And then as
that a seismic slip happens.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/957-0
00:05:10.320 --> 00:05:13.426
<v Cebry, Sara B>That's decreasing the critical
nucleation length in the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/957-1
00:05:13.426 --> 00:05:16.644
<v Cebry, Sara B>slipping patch, but outside of
it you're increasing shear</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/957-2
00:05:16.644 --> 00:05:17.920
<v Cebry, Sara B>stress from the effect.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/965-0
00:05:22.950 --> 00:05:24.590
<v Cebry, Sara B>And that is what produces
earthquakes.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/988-0
00:05:24.590 --> 00:05:28.051
<v Cebry, Sara B>So you get a ring of fluid
injection, a ring of decreased</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/988-1
00:05:28.051 --> 00:05:31.752
<v Cebry, Sara B>effective normal stress with
kind of micro seismicity outside</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/988-2
00:05:31.752 --> 00:05:32.110
<v Cebry, Sara B>of it.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1000-0
00:05:34.950 --> 00:05:37.670
<v Cebry, Sara B>Showing this Kappa one but there
are lots of other studies.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1007-0
00:05:40.000 --> 00:05:42.400
<v Cebry, Sara B>That also support these
observations.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1021-0
00:05:45.570 --> 00:05:48.970
<v Cebry, Sara B>This is an. This is a good kind
of way to think about things,</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1021-1
00:05:48.970 --> 00:05:50.890
<v Cebry, Sara B>but it leaves some open
questions.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1031-0
00:05:50.890 --> 00:05:53.770
<v Cebry, Sara B>For example, how do we get large
induced seismicity?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1043-0
00:05:53.770 --> 00:05:58.330
<v Cebry, Sara B>So we get this micro seismicity
so events can start around here.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1051-0
00:05:58.530 --> 00:06:00.890
<v Cebry, Sara B>But what kind of controls when
they stops?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1083-0
00:06:00.890 --> 00:06:04.983
<v Cebry, Sara B>Or how big they are going to
get. It also brings up questions</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1083-1
00:06:04.983 --> 00:06:09.142
<v Cebry, Sara B>like how far can this a seismic
slip increase the shear stress</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1083-2
00:06:09.142 --> 00:06:13.235
<v Cebry, Sara B>beyond? And so how far can the
seismicity propagate away from</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1083-3
00:06:13.235 --> 00:06:14.490
<v Cebry, Sara B>the injection well?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1088-0
00:06:15.800 --> 00:06:17.120
<v Cebry, Sara B>Among some other questions.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1093-0
00:06:18.920 --> 00:06:21.560
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so a lot of work has been
done and.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1096-0
00:06:22.190 --> 00:06:22.910
<v Cebry, Sara B>These are these are.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1104-0
00:06:24.270 --> 00:06:27.990
<v Cebry, Sara B>Some are based on experimental
work or in situ experiments.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1131-0
00:06:29.900 --> 00:06:33.397
<v Cebry, Sara B>So a lot of work has been done
kind of on the non modeling</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1131-1
00:06:33.397 --> 00:06:37.250
<v Cebry, Sara B>side. And so this is how I think
about things, how I like, group</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1131-2
00:06:37.250 --> 00:06:40.511
<v Cebry, Sara B>everything together into
different scales. So on the Y</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1131-3
00:06:40.511 --> 00:06:43.060
<v Cebry, Sara B>axis, we have temperature
pressure, right.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1137-0
00:06:43.060 --> 00:06:45.460
<v Cebry, Sara B>So as you go up higher, you get
deeper earthquakes.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1170-0
00:06:47.040 --> 00:06:50.594
<v Cebry, Sara B>Down here you have more shallow
earthquakes and then on the X</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1170-1
00:06:50.594 --> 00:06:54.206
<v Cebry, Sara B>axis we have fault size and I'm
putting it all relative to the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1170-2
00:06:54.206 --> 00:06:57.589
<v Cebry, Sara B>critical nucleation length to
account for things like rock</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1170-3
00:06:57.589 --> 00:06:59.080
<v Cebry, Sara B>analog and such like that.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1173-0
00:07:00.760 --> 00:07:01.360
<v Cebry, Sara B>But so.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1183-0
00:07:02.630 --> 00:07:07.653
<v Cebry, Sara B>Have large events or sorry large
natural faults versus small</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1183-1
00:07:07.653 --> 00:07:08.230
<v Cebry, Sara B>faults.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1187-0
00:07:09.760 --> 00:07:10.240
<v Cebry, Sara B>So in the like.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1207-0
00:07:11.230 --> 00:07:14.518
<v Cebry, Sara B>Here in the high pressure small
fault, we get things like the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1207-1
00:07:14.518 --> 00:07:17.965
<v Cebry, Sara B>Tri axial apparatus here, like a
lot of the work that Tamara and</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1207-2
00:07:17.965 --> 00:07:18.390
<v Cebry, Sara B>Dave do.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1231-0
00:07:20.000 --> 00:07:23.000
<v Cebry, Sara B>Down here we get lower
temperature, smaller faults like</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1231-1
00:07:23.000 --> 00:07:26.000
<v Cebry, Sara B>the biaxial apparatus that Brian
does a lot of work on.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1256-0
00:07:27.720 --> 00:07:30.672
<v Cebry, Sara B>And then we get this large scale
experiments that can't go to</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1256-1
00:07:30.672 --> 00:07:33.720
<v Cebry, Sara B>high temperatures or pressures,
but you can get a larger fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1259-0
00:07:34.840 --> 00:07:36.600
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so that's more like a
shallow fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1266-0
00:07:38.280 --> 00:07:38.720
<v Cebry, Sara B>You also have.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1271-0
00:07:38.720 --> 00:07:41.800
<v Cebry, Sara B>For induced seismicity, we have
some insitu experiments where.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1295-0
00:07:42.340 --> 00:07:46.393
<v Cebry, Sara B>Basically like they drill a hole
a kilometer and a half under a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1295-1
00:07:46.393 --> 00:07:50.130
<v Cebry, Sara B>mountain and then inject water
and measure some seismicity</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1295-2
00:07:50.130 --> 00:07:51.460
<v Cebry, Sara B>which is pretty cool.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1301-0
00:07:53.840 --> 00:07:55.680
<v Cebry, Sara B>And then we have natural faults.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1313-0
00:07:58.270 --> 00:08:00.870
<v Cebry, Sara B>Which are much larger and can
exist at accurate.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1320-0
00:08:01.090 --> 00:08:03.370
<v Cebry, Sara B>Like, obviously they're they're
natural faults.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1326-0
00:08:03.370 --> 00:08:05.353
<v Cebry, Sara B>That's the right temperature and
pressure where things are</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1326-1
00:08:05.353 --> 00:08:05.690
<v Cebry, Sara B>happening.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1338-0
00:08:07.780 --> 00:08:11.140
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so this might be a repeat
for a lot of you lab folks.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1361-0
00:08:11.140 --> 00:08:15.050
<v Cebry, Sara B>But so there is a reason I
separate small scale and large</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1361-1
00:08:15.050 --> 00:08:18.758
<v Cebry, Sara B>scale lab experiments bias
because I work on the large</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1361-2
00:08:18.758 --> 00:08:19.500
<v Cebry, Sara B>scale side.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1379-0
00:08:21.070 --> 00:08:24.612
<v Cebry, Sara B>But we have centimeter size
samples, so yay big and then we</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1379-1
00:08:24.612 --> 00:08:26.030
<v Cebry, Sara B>have meter size samples.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1385-0
00:08:26.030 --> 00:08:29.430
<v Cebry, Sara B>So here's an here's a picture of
Brian case.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1389-0
00:08:29.430 --> 00:08:31.870
<v Cebry, Sara B>You curious from a long time
ago?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1401-0
00:08:31.870 --> 00:08:35.652
<v Cebry, Sara B>I think it's a fun picture like
working with like. That's the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1401-1
00:08:35.652 --> 00:08:36.750
<v Cebry, Sara B>size of the fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1403-0
00:08:36.750 --> 00:08:38.590
<v Cebry, Sara B>That's the fault surface right
there.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1433-0
00:08:40.780 --> 00:08:44.388
<v Cebry, Sara B>So these small centimeter scale
faults, so we can go up to high</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1433-1
00:08:44.388 --> 00:08:47.658
<v Cebry, Sara B>temperatures and pressures,
which is really cool. But you</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1433-2
00:08:47.658 --> 00:08:50.703
<v Cebry, Sara B>the sample is treated as a
point. So it's just like a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1433-3
00:08:50.703 --> 00:08:52.620
<v Cebry, Sara B>single point on the entire
fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1474-0
00:08:53.020 --> 00:08:56.199
<v Cebry, Sara B>And then if you want to figure
out the behavior of real</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1474-1
00:08:56.199 --> 00:08:59.776
<v Cebry, Sara B>earthquakes, you take and put
that into numerical simulations,</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1474-2
00:08:59.776 --> 00:09:03.070
<v Cebry, Sara B>and then you can expand from
there. On the flip side, the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1474-3
00:09:03.070 --> 00:09:06.249
<v Cebry, Sara B>meter scales samples. You can
start to see interactions</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1474-4
00:09:06.249 --> 00:09:08.180
<v Cebry, Sara B>between different fault
sections.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1478-0
00:09:08.180 --> 00:09:10.100
<v Cebry, Sara B>So the sample is behaving like a
continuum.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1507-0
00:09:10.850 --> 00:09:14.846
<v Cebry, Sara B>Where you can have one part
slipping and another part still</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1507-1
00:09:14.846 --> 00:09:18.775
<v Cebry, Sara B>remains locked, and so this
these meter sized samples in a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1507-2
00:09:18.775 --> 00:09:22.904
<v Cebry, Sara B>good place to look at kind of
this get a better understanding</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1507-3
00:09:22.904 --> 00:09:24.370
<v Cebry, Sara B>of this understanding.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1530-0
00:09:26.150 --> 00:09:29.559
<v Cebry, Sara B>Of how induced seismicity works,
where you have a region of fluid</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1530-1
00:09:29.559 --> 00:09:32.296
<v Cebry, Sara B>pressure and a region of
seismicity, and then locked</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1530-2
00:09:32.296 --> 00:09:32.710
<v Cebry, Sara B>regions.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1547-0
00:09:35.160 --> 00:09:40.075
<v Cebry, Sara B>So specifically the meter scale
faults I work on are at Cornell</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1547-1
00:09:40.075 --> 00:09:40.920
<v Cebry, Sara B>University.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1552-0
00:09:40.960 --> 00:09:42.800
<v Cebry, Sara B>Yeah, I did my PhD in a
pandemic.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1553-0
00:09:42.800 --> 00:09:43.320
<v Cebry, Sara B>It was fun.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1581-0
00:09:44.990 --> 00:09:48.680
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so these are just kind of to
give you a sense of the scale.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1581-1
00:09:48.680 --> 00:09:51.909
<v Cebry, Sara B>This is a three quarter meter
fault and then that's the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1581-2
00:09:51.909 --> 00:09:53.870
<v Cebry, Sara B>further one is a 3M granite
fall.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1594-0
00:09:56.130 --> 00:09:59.810
<v Cebry, Sara B>And by using Plexiglas for the
smaller fault, we end up again.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1599-0
00:09:59.810 --> 00:10:02.690
<v Cebry, Sara B>I'm putting everything in terms
of L / H star.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1602-0
00:10:04.230 --> 00:10:05.710
<v Cebry, Sara B>Ling for analog materials.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1646-0
00:10:07.390 --> 00:10:10.462
<v Cebry, Sara B>Both cases, the entire length of
the fall is larger than the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1646-1
00:10:10.462 --> 00:10:13.332
<v Cebry, Sara B>critical nucleation length,
which means that you can get</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1646-2
00:10:13.332 --> 00:10:16.001
<v Cebry, Sara B>event that starts and
propagates, and in these cases</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1646-3
00:10:16.001 --> 00:10:19.123
<v Cebry, Sara B>the sample is long enough that
it'll terminate all within the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1646-4
00:10:19.123 --> 00:10:21.390
<v Cebry, Sara B>sample, and so we can observe
each of those.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1648-0
00:10:21.630 --> 00:10:22.030
<v Cebry, Sara B>Different.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1650-0
00:10:23.790 --> 00:10:24.070
<v Cebry, Sara B>Steps.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1656-0
00:10:26.500 --> 00:10:28.580
<v Cebry, Sara B>Way these McCluskey styles.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1690-0
00:10:28.580 --> 00:10:31.394
<v Cebry, Sara B>Just kind of what I'm gonna
generally term them by axial</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1690-1
00:10:31.394 --> 00:10:34.505
<v Cebry, Sara B>loading's work is there are two
blocks two rectangular blocks,</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1690-2
00:10:34.505 --> 00:10:37.566
<v Cebry, Sara B>one up here that we'll refer to
as the moving block. And then</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1690-3
00:10:37.566 --> 00:10:40.232
<v Cebry, Sara B>this bottom one is the
stationary block and it's kind</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1690-4
00:10:40.232 --> 00:10:41.220
<v Cebry, Sara B>of held in place on.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1692-0
00:10:41.220 --> 00:10:41.700
<v Cebry, Sara B>Two sides.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1707-0
00:10:43.690 --> 00:10:46.589
<v Cebry, Sara B>In all of the samples that I'm
going to talk about, there's an</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1707-1
00:10:46.589 --> 00:10:47.050
<v Cebry, Sara B>injection.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1713-0
00:10:47.050 --> 00:10:47.610
<v Cebry, Sara B>Well drilled.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1723-0
00:10:47.610 --> 00:10:50.740
<v Cebry, Sara B>So if we're not looking into the
fault, we're looking at it</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1723-1
00:10:50.740 --> 00:10:51.210
<v Cebry, Sara B>sideways.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1741-0
00:10:51.610 --> 00:10:54.819
<v Cebry, Sara B>So here's your fault interface.
We have some sensors up here and</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1741-1
00:10:54.819 --> 00:10:57.930
<v Cebry, Sara B>then we have a hole that water
can go directly onto the fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1745-0
00:10:59.690 --> 00:11:01.090
<v Cebry, Sara B>So in each experiment.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1764-0
00:11:02.790 --> 00:11:05.606
<v Cebry, Sara B>We do side just push the two
blocks together so the moving in</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1764-1
00:11:05.606 --> 00:11:08.605
<v Cebry, Sara B>the stationary block and then we
hold that normal stress constant</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1764-2
00:11:08.605 --> 00:11:10.150
<v Cebry, Sara B>throughout the entire
experiment.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1771-0
00:11:12.540 --> 00:11:14.940
<v Cebry, Sara B>Increase sheer stress on the
moving block.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1778-0
00:11:16.510 --> 00:11:18.470
<v Cebry, Sara B>So we add some stress on it that
way.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1783-0
00:11:20.880 --> 00:11:22.240
<v Cebry, Sara B>Directly onto the fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1785-0
00:11:23.950 --> 00:11:24.270
<v Cebry, Sara B>Their fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1790-0
00:11:24.390 --> 00:11:26.310
<v Cebry, Sara B>Their fault that moving block to
slip forward.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1805-0
00:11:29.150 --> 00:11:32.738
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so and in these experiments,
water is allowed to diffuse</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1805-1
00:11:32.738 --> 00:11:33.150
<v Cebry, Sara B>freely.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1810-0
00:11:34.150 --> 00:11:35.950
<v Cebry, Sara B>So I'm gonna kind of go through
some typical results.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1831-0
00:11:38.430 --> 00:11:41.624
<v Cebry, Sara B>To understand where the fluid
pressure is along the fault, I</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1831-1
00:11:41.624 --> 00:11:44.190
<v Cebry, Sara B>created like a really simple 2D
diffusion model.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1842-0
00:11:44.870 --> 00:11:48.139
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so this is the fault
interface. So we're pushing on</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1842-1
00:11:48.139 --> 00:11:49.190
<v Cebry, Sara B>it from over here.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1844-0
00:11:49.630 --> 00:11:50.790
<v Cebry, Sara B>This is along the fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1884-0
00:11:52.350 --> 00:11:56.093
<v Cebry, Sara B>Lines we're injecting at a
single point, so injecting the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1884-1
00:11:56.093 --> 00:12:00.288
<v Cebry, Sara B>water and allowing it to diffuse
freely creates a region of over</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1884-2
00:12:00.288 --> 00:12:04.483
<v Cebry, Sara B>pressure at the injection point
and then outside of that we have</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1884-3
00:12:04.483 --> 00:12:07.710
<v Cebry, Sara B>a region that's unaffected by
the fluid pressure.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1893-0
00:12:09.110 --> 00:12:11.230
<v Cebry, Sara B>Because it's a granite granite
fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1914-0
00:12:11.870 --> 00:12:16.030
<v Cebry, Sara B>The fault diffusivity is very
low, and so even if 500 seconds</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1914-1
00:12:16.030 --> 00:12:19.988
<v Cebry, Sara B>the fluid pressure has only
reached a portion of the fault</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1914-2
00:12:19.988 --> 00:12:20.190
<v Cebry, Sara B>so.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1922-0
00:12:21.750 --> 00:12:23.910
<v Cebry, Sara B>We're able to see these fault
interactions.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1943-0
00:12:26.470 --> 00:12:30.498
<v Cebry, Sara B>Are some typical results what
I'm showing here is a stick slip</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1943-1
00:12:30.498 --> 00:12:34.207
<v Cebry, Sara B>event that has created just by
pushing just by externally</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1943-2
00:12:34.207 --> 00:12:35.550
<v Cebry, Sara B>applied shear stress.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1983-0
00:12:35.550 --> 00:12:39.734
<v Cebry, Sara B>So this is more like a normal
non fluid triggered event and</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1983-1
00:12:39.734 --> 00:12:43.988
<v Cebry, Sara B>the way we're gonna interpret
this graph. So we have time on</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1983-2
00:12:43.988 --> 00:12:48.520
<v Cebry, Sara B>the X axis, displacement on the
Y axis, and then we have a bunch</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1983-3
00:12:48.520 --> 00:12:51.310
<v Cebry, Sara B>of slip sensors and I
color-coded them.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1994-0
00:12:52.110 --> 00:12:54.925
<v Cebry, Sara B>Up here in that picture, just
gonna help you get a better</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/1994-1
00:12:54.925 --> 00:12:55.750
<v Cebry, Sara B>understanding so.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2003-0
00:12:56.410 --> 00:12:59.250
<v Cebry, Sara B>In this chair triggered event,
there's nothing happening.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2014-0
00:12:59.570 --> 00:13:03.780
<v Cebry, Sara B>The entire fault is locked, and
then all of a sudden the entire</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2014-1
00:13:03.780 --> 00:13:04.570
<v Cebry, Sara B>fault slips.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2022-0
00:13:04.570 --> 00:13:08.742
<v Cebry, Sara B>So red to purple, all sensors
show a very similar amount of</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2022-1
00:13:08.742 --> 00:13:09.090
<v Cebry, Sara B>slip.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2043-0
00:13:10.880 --> 00:13:15.556
<v Cebry, Sara B>On the flip side, with the fluid
triggered events where we inject</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2043-1
00:13:15.556 --> 00:13:19.666
<v Cebry, Sara B>water directly into a single
point on the fault, we see a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2043-2
00:13:19.666 --> 00:13:20.800
<v Cebry, Sara B>swarm of events.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2051-0
00:13:21.040 --> 00:13:25.360
<v Cebry, Sara B>So as opposed to just one large
event, food injection causes.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2069-0
00:13:26.910 --> 00:13:29.671
<v Cebry, Sara B>24 events that slip only a
portion of the fault, and three</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2069-1
00:13:29.671 --> 00:13:31.310
<v Cebry, Sara B>events that slip the entire
fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2092-0
00:13:32.190 --> 00:13:35.817
<v Cebry, Sara B>So if you look here at like this
blue line, which corresponds to</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2092-1
00:13:35.817 --> 00:13:39.222
<v Cebry, Sara B>this blue slip sensor, you see
that there does as opposed to</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2092-2
00:13:39.222 --> 00:13:42.626
<v Cebry, Sara B>one big jump. There are a lot of
little jumps and so each of</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2092-3
00:13:42.626 --> 00:13:43.910
<v Cebry, Sara B>these is an individual.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2095-0
00:13:44.700 --> 00:13:45.460
<v Cebry, Sara B>Seismic event.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2122-0
00:13:47.180 --> 00:13:51.391
<v Cebry, Sara B>If you look at, say, this orange
one down here, which corresponds</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2122-1
00:13:51.391 --> 00:13:54.901
<v Cebry, Sara B>to a patch of the fault that's
far away from the fluid</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2122-2
00:13:54.901 --> 00:13:58.220
<v Cebry, Sara B>injection, we see only only a
few events at a time.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2148-0
00:14:00.700 --> 00:14:03.635
<v Cebry, Sara B>It's hard to see in these
graphs, but in this case there's</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2148-1
00:14:03.635 --> 00:14:06.669
<v Cebry, Sara B>also a lot of a seismic slip,
whereas in the share triggered</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2148-2
00:14:06.669 --> 00:14:08.460
<v Cebry, Sara B>event kinda get a nucleation
patch.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2151-0
00:14:08.460 --> 00:14:09.260
<v Cebry, Sara B>But that's about it.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2163-0
00:14:10.830 --> 00:14:14.630
<v Cebry, Sara B>So basically we can categorize
fluid triggered events as</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2163-1
00:14:14.630 --> 00:14:15.230
<v Cebry, Sara B>swarming.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2169-0
00:14:17.420 --> 00:14:18.500
<v Cebry, Sara B>As not swarming.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2179-0
00:14:18.500 --> 00:14:21.644
<v Cebry, Sara B>So those are just some really
nice first order observations</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2179-1
00:14:21.644 --> 00:14:23.740
<v Cebry, Sara B>that are pretty interesting to
look at.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2217-0
00:14:25.990 --> 00:14:29.649
<v Cebry, Sara B>OK, so to this point we have a
laboratory fault that has a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2217-1
00:14:29.649 --> 00:14:33.494
<v Cebry, Sara B>heterogeneous fluid pressure
distribution and that can create</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2217-2
00:14:33.494 --> 00:14:37.215
<v Cebry, Sara B>ruptures which can initiate,
propagate and terminate within</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2217-3
00:14:37.215 --> 00:14:38.270
<v Cebry, Sara B>the sample again.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2238-0
00:14:38.270 --> 00:14:41.881
<v Cebry, Sara B>So that puts us in a good place
to kind of look at some of these</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2238-1
00:14:41.881 --> 00:14:45.270
<v Cebry, Sara B>modeling results and see how we
agree or disagree with them.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2263-0
00:14:47.230 --> 00:14:50.523
<v Cebry, Sara B>With that, I'm gonna try and
answer one big question and</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2263-1
00:14:50.523 --> 00:14:53.874
<v Cebry, Sara B>that's why do some events run
away and become large while</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2263-2
00:14:53.874 --> 00:14:55.030
<v Cebry, Sara B>others remain small.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2269-0
00:14:55.550 --> 00:14:57.590
<v Cebry, Sara B>Can answer some of this
microsystemicity.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2271-0
00:14:59.350 --> 00:14:59.710
<v Cebry, Sara B>Or not.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2299-0
00:15:02.090 --> 00:15:05.434
<v Cebry, Sara B>1st I'm basically gonna sum up
an entire paper in one slide</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2299-1
00:15:05.434 --> 00:15:08.333
<v Cebry, Sara B>because I think this is
relevant, but I don't wanna</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2299-2
00:15:08.333 --> 00:15:11.845
<v Cebry, Sara B>spend too much time on it and
that small events can jump start</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2299-3
00:15:11.845 --> 00:15:12.570
<v Cebry, Sara B>large events.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2323-0
00:15:12.610 --> 00:15:16.105
<v Cebry, Sara B>So we see small events here
where just the blue section of</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2323-1
00:15:16.105 --> 00:15:19.720
<v Cebry, Sara B>the fault slip. So just part of
the fault is slipping and we</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2323-2
00:15:19.720 --> 00:15:22.090
<v Cebry, Sara B>have ones where the entire fault
slips.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2332-0
00:15:23.630 --> 00:15:26.286
<v Cebry, Sara B>So to kind of look at them a
little bit. Oh, yeah. Sorry,</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2332-1
00:15:26.286 --> 00:15:26.470
<v Cebry, Sara B>man.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2359-0
00:15:26.470 --> 00:15:29.821
<v Cebry, Sara B>Shock. The entire fault ruptures
for shock. Only part of the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2359-1
00:15:29.821 --> 00:15:32.678
<v Cebry, Sara B>fault. Raptures. And I
acknowledge that I am taking</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2359-2
00:15:32.678 --> 00:15:36.030
<v Cebry, Sara B>these terminologies slightly out
of their normal definition.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2388-0
00:15:37.900 --> 00:15:41.332
<v Cebry, Sara B>But if we look at the ground
motions created by each event</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2388-1
00:15:41.332 --> 00:15:45.114
<v Cebry, Sara B>and then we compare them side by
side, so we have the main shock</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2388-2
00:15:45.114 --> 00:15:45.580
<v Cebry, Sara B>in blue.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2410-0
00:15:45.580 --> 00:15:48.398
<v Cebry, Sara B>So obviously it goes on to
become much larger and the four</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2410-1
00:15:48.398 --> 00:15:51.263
<v Cebry, Sara B>shock in red. So it starts off
and then it kind of dies out</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2410-2
00:15:51.263 --> 00:15:51.980
<v Cebry, Sara B>pretty quickly.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2441-0
00:15:52.500 --> 00:15:56.266
<v Cebry, Sara B>We can zoom in on that and see
that for the 1st 42 microseconds</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2441-1
00:15:56.266 --> 00:15:59.856
<v Cebry, Sara B>they match, which also agrees
with our other our SLIP sensor</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2441-2
00:15:59.856 --> 00:16:02.740
<v Cebry, Sara B>measurements and our other
measurements as well.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2469-0
00:16:04.350 --> 00:16:07.675
<v Cebry, Sara B>And if we do some like back of
the envelope calculations with</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2469-1
00:16:07.675 --> 00:16:10.947
<v Cebry, Sara B>like rupture propagation speed
that 42 microseconds is about</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2469-2
00:16:10.947 --> 00:16:11.430
<v Cebry, Sara B>the size.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2472-0
00:16:12.400 --> 00:16:13.280
<v Cebry, Sara B>Of the foreshock.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2492-0
00:16:14.910 --> 00:16:18.318
<v Cebry, Sara B>So we're seeing that in a lot of
cases the large event starts the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2492-1
00:16:18.318 --> 00:16:20.590
<v Cebry, Sara B>exact same way as the event just
before it.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2522-0
00:16:23.510 --> 00:16:26.426
<v Cebry, Sara B>So we kind of conclude that a
main shock and the 4th shock,</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2522-1
00:16:26.426 --> 00:16:29.342
<v Cebry, Sara B>the same event, but they start
the same, but the main shock</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2522-2
00:16:29.342 --> 00:16:32.403
<v Cebry, Sara B>continues to propagate along the
whole fault, whereas the four</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2522-3
00:16:32.403 --> 00:16:33.230
<v Cebry, Sara B>shock terminates.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2545-0
00:16:36.540 --> 00:16:40.740
<v Cebry, Sara B>As that happened and in short,
the answer is the initial sheer</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2545-1
00:16:40.740 --> 00:16:44.873
<v Cebry, Sara B>stress levels. I'm showing a
cartoon version of it, but there</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2545-2
00:16:44.873 --> 00:16:47.940
<v Cebry, Sara B>are tons of studies that support
my cartoons.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2565-0
00:16:49.510 --> 00:16:54.119
<v Cebry, Sara B>So if we look, we have stress
and then versus distance along</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2565-1
00:16:54.119 --> 00:16:59.030
<v Cebry, Sara B>the fault. So we have some peak
stress and some residual stress.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2574-0
00:17:00.890 --> 00:17:04.130
<v Cebry, Sara B>So these are like homeless
material property.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2589-0
00:17:04.780 --> 00:17:07.448
<v Cebry, Sara B>If we have some initial stress
distribution, so we're gonna</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2589-1
00:17:07.448 --> 00:17:09.717
<v Cebry, Sara B>assume the initial shear stress
along the fault is</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2589-2
00:17:09.717 --> 00:17:10.340
<v Cebry, Sara B>heterogeneous.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2601-0
00:17:11.910 --> 00:17:14.649
<v Cebry, Sara B>Where the initial stress is
greater than the residual and</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2601-1
00:17:14.649 --> 00:17:15.310
<v Cebry, Sara B>close to peak.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2612-0
00:17:17.030 --> 00:17:19.310
<v Cebry, Sara B>You get a region that's
favorable for rupture.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2615-0
00:17:20.230 --> 00:17:21.750
<v Cebry, Sara B>So if we look at the main shock.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2634-0
00:17:23.390 --> 00:17:27.000
<v Cebry, Sara B>It likely occurred in a case
like this where a large parts of</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2634-1
00:17:27.000 --> 00:17:30.494
<v Cebry, Sara B>the fault were favourable for
rupture because they had high</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2634-2
00:17:30.494 --> 00:17:31.310
<v Cebry, Sara B>stress levels.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2640-0
00:17:33.030 --> 00:17:35.950
<v Cebry, Sara B>Whereas the poor shock may have
occurred.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2643-0
00:17:37.090 --> 00:17:38.170
<v Cebry, Sara B>This was much lower.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2655-0
00:17:41.510 --> 00:17:44.630
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so to get a better
understanding of this and to</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2655-1
00:17:44.630 --> 00:17:46.430
<v Cebry, Sara B>kind of play around with what?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2661-0
00:17:48.230 --> 00:17:50.790
<v Cebry, Sara B>To get yeah. To look at it more.
Sorry.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2664-0
00:17:50.790 --> 00:17:51.750
<v Cebry, Sara B>And that's the size of the
rapture.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2672-0
00:17:53.510 --> 00:17:54.670
<v Cebry, Sara B>We paired 2 cases.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2675-0
00:17:54.670 --> 00:17:56.910
<v Cebry, Sara B>Well, actually 3 cases, but I'm
gonna talk about two.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2700-0
00:17:58.590 --> 00:18:01.806
<v Cebry, Sara B>One where the background share
stress was really high, so the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2700-1
00:18:01.806 --> 00:18:05.125
<v Cebry, Sara B>entire fault was almost ready to
host an earthquake on its own.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2700-2
00:18:05.125 --> 00:18:06.630
<v Cebry, Sara B>Even without fluid injection.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2729-0
00:18:08.210 --> 00:18:11.251
<v Cebry, Sara B>And that's shown up here and
then we're gonna compare with</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2729-1
00:18:11.251 --> 00:18:14.344
<v Cebry, Sara B>the low stress case where the
entire fault is very far from</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2729-2
00:18:14.344 --> 00:18:17.488
<v Cebry, Sara B>hosting an earthquake. In this
case, we actually even backed</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2729-3
00:18:17.488 --> 00:18:20.530
<v Cebry, Sara B>the stress off some from the
residual shear stress levels.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2741-0
00:18:22.270 --> 00:18:25.630
<v Cebry, Sara B>And the way we did that was on
our large scale lab fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2757-0
00:18:26.230 --> 00:18:29.194
<v Cebry, Sara B>We changed how much we're
pressing on this moving block.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2757-1
00:18:29.194 --> 00:18:31.950
<v Cebry, Sara B>So in the high stress case,
we're pushing very hard.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2759-0
00:18:32.150 --> 00:18:33.230
<v Cebry, Sara B>So it's almost ready.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2777-0
00:18:34.830 --> 00:18:38.619
<v Cebry, Sara B>It's an earthquake and in the
low stress case, we actually did</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2777-1
00:18:38.619 --> 00:18:42.528
<v Cebry, Sara B>a few sheer triggered stick slop
events and then back the stress</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2777-2
00:18:42.528 --> 00:18:43.070
<v Cebry, Sara B>off some.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2797-0
00:18:44.790 --> 00:18:48.225
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so those are the conditions
under which we injected fluid to</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2797-1
00:18:48.225 --> 00:18:51.608
<v Cebry, Sara B>see how these background stress
levels can affect the resulting</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2797-2
00:18:51.608 --> 00:18:52.190
<v Cebry, Sara B>seismicity.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2799-0
00:18:55.420 --> 00:18:56.260
<v Cebry, Sara B>In high stress case.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2805-0
00:18:57.830 --> 00:18:58.590
<v Cebry, Sara B>We injected water.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2830-0
00:18:59.760 --> 00:19:03.714
<v Cebry, Sara B>We got a small region of a
seismic slip and then three</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2830-1
00:19:03.714 --> 00:19:07.237
<v Cebry, Sara B>seconds later default
accelerated and we had the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2830-2
00:19:07.237 --> 00:19:10.760
<v Cebry, Sara B>entire fault slipped in one
large dynamic event.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2837-0
00:19:12.310 --> 00:19:15.230
<v Cebry, Sara B>In comparison, we have the low
stress case.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2849-0
00:19:19.310 --> 00:19:24.750
<v Cebry, Sara B>Had a large region of a seismic
slip and then 500 seconds later.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2858-0
00:19:26.310 --> 00:19:28.230
<v Cebry, Sara B>A small part of the fault
slipped dynamically.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2882-0
00:19:30.580 --> 00:19:35.150
<v Cebry, Sara B>So high stress, really fast or
shortly after fluid injection we</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2882-1
00:19:35.150 --> 00:19:39.720
<v Cebry, Sara B>had a large event, low stress,
hundreds of seconds later we had</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2882-2
00:19:39.720 --> 00:19:43.220
<v Cebry, Sara B>a dynamic event, but it was
limited in its size.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2887-0
00:19:46.380 --> 00:19:48.060
<v Cebry, Sara B>Kind of two interesting cases.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2906-0
00:19:49.630 --> 00:19:53.302
<v Cebry, Sara B>But what I'm gonna look at a
little bit is the a seismic slip</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2906-1
00:19:53.302 --> 00:19:55.790
<v Cebry, Sara B>prior to the initiation of
dynamic event.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2913-0
00:19:55.950 --> 00:19:57.670
<v Cebry, Sara B>And that happened in both cases.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2934-0
00:19:57.670 --> 00:20:01.397
<v Cebry, Sara B>So even when the fault was
almost ready to slip, we still</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2934-1
00:20:01.397 --> 00:20:05.382
<v Cebry, Sara B>had a region of a seismic slip
and some kind of accelerations</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2934-2
00:20:05.382 --> 00:20:07.310
<v Cebry, Sara B>and decelerations before that.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2938-0
00:20:08.150 --> 00:20:09.510
<v Cebry, Sara B>Sorry, I'm getting ahead of
myself, OK?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2955-0
00:20:09.510 --> 00:20:13.350
<v Cebry, Sara B>So what we have on the X axis is
time and then on the Y axis we</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2955-1
00:20:13.350 --> 00:20:15.150
<v Cebry, Sara B>have distance along the fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2959-0
00:20:16.150 --> 00:20:17.030
<v Cebry, Sara B>At each location.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2991-0
00:20:17.690 --> 00:20:22.299
<v Cebry, Sara B>I'm plotting slip rate which is
the color plot, so the darker</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2991-1
00:20:22.299 --> 00:20:26.387
<v Cebry, Sara B>blue is slow slip, yellow is
fast slip to the point of</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2991-2
00:20:26.387 --> 00:20:31.071
<v Cebry, Sara B>dynamic or almost dynamic, and
then the black lines are stress</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/2991-3
00:20:31.071 --> 00:20:33.450
<v Cebry, Sara B>measurements from strain gauges.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3000-0
00:20:34.130 --> 00:20:37.330
<v Cebry, Sara B>So we have 16 strain gauges and
16 slip sensors.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3011-0
00:20:37.330 --> 00:20:40.910
<v Cebry, Sara B>So we kind of get this nice map
of what's going on spatially</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3011-1
00:20:40.910 --> 00:20:41.850
<v Cebry, Sara B>along the fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3043-0
00:20:44.030 --> 00:20:48.955
<v Cebry, Sara B>So this little faucet indicates
where we're injecting water. And</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3043-1
00:20:48.955 --> 00:20:53.426
<v Cebry, Sara B>so we see in there that slow
slip kind of starts to happen</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3043-2
00:20:53.426 --> 00:20:58.276
<v Cebry, Sara B>and expands outwards. And that's
indicated by the lighter color</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3043-3
00:20:58.276 --> 00:21:00.550
<v Cebry, Sara B>maps or the lighter color map.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3055-0
00:21:02.180 --> 00:21:05.380
<v Cebry, Sara B>And then we can also see that in
the high stress case.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3067-0
00:21:05.380 --> 00:21:09.144
<v Cebry, Sara B>So this one on the left, the
slow slip begins earlier than</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3067-1
00:21:09.144 --> 00:21:10.420
<v Cebry, Sara B>the low stress case.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3076-0
00:21:10.420 --> 00:21:13.100
<v Cebry, Sara B>So this happens after a about a
second.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3083-0
00:21:13.100 --> 00:21:16.856
<v Cebry, Sara B>This one happens actually before
the injection reaches peak</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3083-1
00:21:16.856 --> 00:21:17.420
<v Cebry, Sara B>pressure.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3103-0
00:21:21.730 --> 00:21:25.580
<v Cebry, Sara B>Also look at the strain gauges
and see that the A seismic</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3103-1
00:21:25.580 --> 00:21:27.970
<v Cebry, Sara B>slipping patch is releasing
stress.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3108-0
00:21:28.330 --> 00:21:31.490
<v Cebry, Sara B>So in the slipping region, shear
stress is decreasing.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3127-0
00:21:33.920 --> 00:21:37.400
<v Cebry, Sara B>Outside the slipping region,
it's it's increasing. So you</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3127-1
00:21:37.400 --> 00:21:41.300
<v Cebry, Sara B>have a region of a seismic slip
decreasing stress and increasing</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3127-2
00:21:41.300 --> 00:21:43.040
<v Cebry, Sara B>stress on the locked regions.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3136-0
00:21:46.050 --> 00:21:49.652
<v Cebry, Sara B>And maybe an easier way to look
at it is just looking at a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3136-1
00:21:49.652 --> 00:21:50.690
<v Cebry, Sara B>snapshot in time.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3172-0
00:21:52.590 --> 00:21:57.950
<v Cebry, Sara B>So what we have here is distance
along the fault. So and then on</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3172-1
00:21:57.950 --> 00:22:03.311
<v Cebry, Sara B>the Y axis we have poor pressure
in blue slip in the orange with</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3172-2
00:22:03.311 --> 00:22:08.177
<v Cebry, Sara B>the circles and then change in
shear stress with the green</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3172-3
00:22:08.177 --> 00:22:08.590
<v Cebry, Sara B>axis.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3193-0
00:22:10.570 --> 00:22:14.098
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so on. The high stress case,
these are each taken as a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3193-1
00:22:14.098 --> 00:22:16.850
<v Cebry, Sara B>snapshot in time just before the
large event.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3218-0
00:22:17.650 --> 00:22:20.489
<v Cebry, Sara B>So we have a low stress case
that produces a dynamic event</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3218-1
00:22:20.489 --> 00:22:23.281
<v Cebry, Sara B>and a high stress case that
produces a dynamic event, and</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3218-2
00:22:23.281 --> 00:22:26.410
<v Cebry, Sara B>we're looking at the fault state
just before that dynamic event.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3234-0
00:22:28.830 --> 00:22:31.827
<v Cebry, Sara B>And we're looking to see how
much the fluid pressure has</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3234-1
00:22:31.827 --> 00:22:33.510
<v Cebry, Sara B>changed, the fault stress state.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3261-0
00:22:34.510 --> 00:22:38.549
<v Cebry, Sara B>So in the high stress case in
both cases, sorry, in both cases</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3261-1
00:22:38.549 --> 00:22:42.461
<v Cebry, Sara B>fluid pressure reaches a similar
peak and in the high stress</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3261-2
00:22:42.461 --> 00:22:46.373
<v Cebry, Sara B>case, because this is only three
seconds after fluid is been</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3261-3
00:22:46.373 --> 00:22:46.950
<v Cebry, Sara B>injected.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3267-0
00:22:48.510 --> 00:22:49.950
<v Cebry, Sara B>That region is very limited.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3274-0
00:22:50.070 --> 00:22:52.270
<v Cebry, Sara B>So the water hasn't had time to
diffuse away.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3282-0
00:22:53.910 --> 00:22:57.790
<v Cebry, Sara B>As such, the slipping region is
smaller because that we haven't.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3312-0
00:22:58.450 --> 00:23:01.799
<v Cebry, Sara B>There hasn't been as much a
seismic slit and the change in</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3312-1
00:23:01.799 --> 00:23:05.488
<v Cebry, Sara B>sheer stress, so sheer stress is
increasing in the locked region</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3312-2
00:23:05.488 --> 00:23:09.007
<v Cebry, Sara B>and decreasing in the center,
where the fluids being injected</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3312-3
00:23:09.007 --> 00:23:10.370
<v Cebry, Sara B>from the A seismic slip.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3318-0
00:23:12.030 --> 00:23:13.790
<v Cebry, Sara B>And it changes some a little
bit.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3332-0
00:23:13.790 --> 00:23:17.066
<v Cebry, Sara B>So the fault does have to get
itself to the point where it can</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3332-1
00:23:17.066 --> 00:23:18.470
<v Cebry, Sara B>initiate a dynamic rupture.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3338-0
00:23:19.030 --> 00:23:22.510
<v Cebry, Sara B>But once that rupture is
initiated, it's able to go.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3351-0
00:23:24.190 --> 00:23:27.390
<v Cebry, Sara B>Dynamic and rupture the entire
fault. If we look at the low</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3351-1
00:23:27.390 --> 00:23:28.030
<v Cebry, Sara B>stress case.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3365-0
00:23:29.170 --> 00:23:32.069
<v Cebry, Sara B>The main things I kinda want you
to see are that there's a lot</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3365-1
00:23:32.069 --> 00:23:32.530
<v Cebry, Sara B>more slip.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3384-0
00:23:33.410 --> 00:23:36.236
<v Cebry, Sara B>There's a lot more change in
sheer stress and the fluid</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3384-1
00:23:36.236 --> 00:23:39.366
<v Cebry, Sara B>pressure is higher. The fluid
pressure is just higher because</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3384-2
00:23:39.366 --> 00:23:39.770
<v Cebry, Sara B>of time.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3398-0
00:23:39.810 --> 00:23:42.418
<v Cebry, Sara B>We've let it sit longer, so the
fluid pressure can diffuse</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3398-1
00:23:42.418 --> 00:23:44.010
<v Cebry, Sara B>further and further along the
fall.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3432-0
00:23:45.890 --> 00:23:49.140
<v Cebry, Sara B>Causes more aesisism, which
causes more stress</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3432-1
00:23:49.140 --> 00:23:53.566
<v Cebry, Sara B>redistribution, which is how we
can get a dynamic slip event in</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3432-2
00:23:53.566 --> 00:23:57.715
<v Cebry, Sara B>a case where the background
shear stress should not be able</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3432-3
00:23:57.715 --> 00:24:01.450
<v Cebry, Sara B>to host an event. It's because
that where clustering.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3434-0
00:24:01.970 --> 00:24:03.650
<v Cebry, Sara B>Yeah, we're redistributing the
shear stress.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3475-0
00:24:06.790 --> 00:24:10.430
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so this kind of supports
observations in Oklahoma, which</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3475-1
00:24:10.430 --> 00:24:13.892
<v Cebry, Sara B>is kind of thought to not be
super high stress in the 1st</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3475-2
00:24:13.892 --> 00:24:17.414
<v Cebry, Sara B>place. But we do see seismicity
there, whereas I think the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3475-3
00:24:17.414 --> 00:24:21.174
<v Cebry, Sara B>higher stress case is a little
bit more like the 2017 event in</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3475-4
00:24:21.174 --> 00:24:21.950
<v Cebry, Sara B>Pohang which.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3492-0
00:24:21.950 --> 00:24:25.614
<v Cebry, Sara B>Was Pohang South Korea, which is
kind of they were thinking that</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3492-1
00:24:25.614 --> 00:24:27.870
<v Cebry, Sara B>the stress in the area was
really high.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3500-0
00:24:27.870 --> 00:24:29.030
<v Cebry, Sara B>So they see very quickly.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3501-0
00:24:29.030 --> 00:24:29.950
<v Cebry, Sara B>They see one big event.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3508-0
00:24:33.130 --> 00:24:36.370
<v Cebry, Sara B>Our observations of a seismic
stress redistribution.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3531-0
00:24:38.160 --> 00:24:40.866
<v Cebry, Sara B>Observations from the centimeter
scale and the computational</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3531-1
00:24:40.866 --> 00:24:43.440
<v Cebry, Sara B>scale, which is always cool when
things kind of match up.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3561-0
00:24:44.440 --> 00:24:48.730
<v Cebry, Sara B>Again, this Kappa figure that
I've been showing you, as well</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3561-1
00:24:48.730 --> 00:24:53.020
<v Cebry, Sara B>as some computational modeling
from which show a decrease in</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3561-2
00:24:53.020 --> 00:24:57.240
<v Cebry, Sara B>share stress and an increase in
lock regions and then some.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3570-0
00:24:58.790 --> 00:25:01.441
<v Cebry, Sara B>Results the centimeter scale,
which show accelerations in</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3570-1
00:25:01.441 --> 00:25:01.670
<v Cebry, Sara B>slip.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3588-0
00:25:05.470 --> 00:25:10.146
<v Cebry, Sara B>What that large dynamic event
is, so we have so in each case</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3588-1
00:25:10.146 --> 00:25:13.750
<v Cebry, Sara B>produces an event that radiates
seismic waves.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3590-0
00:25:16.180 --> 00:25:17.260
<v Cebry, Sara B>Slips quickly.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3634-0
00:25:18.830 --> 00:25:22.784
<v Cebry, Sara B>Based on our thresholds for the
lab, what we use for defining</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3634-1
00:25:22.784 --> 00:25:26.674
<v Cebry, Sara B>seismic versus a seismic, but
they're very different events.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3634-2
00:25:26.674 --> 00:25:30.628
<v Cebry, Sara B>And So what this is showing,
this is distance along the fault</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3634-3
00:25:30.628 --> 00:25:34.518
<v Cebry, Sara B>on the X axis and then slip on
the Y axis and each line is a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3634-4
00:25:34.518 --> 00:25:34.710
<v Cebry, Sara B>SN.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3665-0
00:25:34.750 --> 00:25:38.079
<v Cebry, Sara B>In time. So when the lines are
closely spaced together like</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3665-1
00:25:38.079 --> 00:25:41.353
<v Cebry, Sara B>they are here that indicate slow
slip. So the fall is only</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3665-2
00:25:41.353 --> 00:25:44.350
<v Cebry, Sara B>slipping a little bit between
each snapshot and time.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3671-0
00:25:45.310 --> 00:25:46.790
<v Cebry, Sara B>But when there's space far
apart.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3675-0
00:25:46.790 --> 00:25:47.990
<v Cebry, Sara B>Kind of like they are here.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3696-0
00:25:49.170 --> 00:25:52.777
<v Cebry, Sara B>That's showing fast slip, so it
slips a lot between each</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3696-1
00:25:52.777 --> 00:25:56.068
<v Cebry, Sara B>snapshot and this lets us see
how the slip is being</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3696-2
00:25:56.068 --> 00:25:57.650
<v Cebry, Sara B>distributed on the phone.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3703-0
00:25:57.650 --> 00:25:59.570
<v Cebry, Sara B>Kinda how the rupture patterns
are moving.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3741-0
00:26:01.230 --> 00:26:05.752
<v Cebry, Sara B>As well as looking at critical
nucleation length, which I</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3741-1
00:26:05.752 --> 00:26:10.352
<v Cebry, Sara B>showed later, so in the high
stress case, First off, these</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3741-2
00:26:10.352 --> 00:26:14.953
<v Cebry, Sara B>are the same Y scale, so the
high stress case slips almost</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3741-3
00:26:14.953 --> 00:26:18.150
<v Cebry, Sara B>four times as much as a low
stress case.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3749-0
00:26:18.150 --> 00:26:21.950
<v Cebry, Sara B>So it's much bigger event and
also slips the entire fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3760-0
00:26:23.650 --> 00:26:27.335
<v Cebry, Sara B>In the low stress case, it only
slips a portion of the fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3760-1
00:26:27.335 --> 00:26:27.930
<v Cebry, Sara B>They both.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3789-0
00:26:29.470 --> 00:26:32.365
<v Cebry, Sara B>The high stress case starts
closer to the point of fluid</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3789-1
00:26:32.365 --> 00:26:35.362
<v Cebry, Sara B>injection, whereas the low
stress case starts a little bit</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3789-2
00:26:35.362 --> 00:26:38.004
<v Cebry, Sara B>further away because you've had
that a seismic slip</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3789-3
00:26:38.004 --> 00:26:39.630
<v Cebry, Sara B>redistributing the shear stress.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3802-0
00:26:43.380 --> 00:26:47.279
<v Cebry, Sara B>So why touch on that a little
bit, talk a little bit about why</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3802-1
00:26:47.279 --> 00:26:49.260
<v Cebry, Sara B>the aesthetic slip is necessary.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3831-0
00:26:50.830 --> 00:26:53.676
<v Cebry, Sara B>And I'm gonna go back to this
cartoon because I think it's</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3831-1
00:26:53.676 --> 00:26:56.666
<v Cebry, Sara B>often a little bit easier to
digest with stress on the Y axis</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3831-2
00:26:56.666 --> 00:26:59.030
<v Cebry, Sara B>and then distance along the
fault on the X axis.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3850-0
00:26:59.830 --> 00:27:03.245
<v Cebry, Sara B>So in the high stress case, the
fault is nearly ready to host an</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3850-1
00:27:03.245 --> 00:27:06.030
<v Cebry, Sara B>earthquake in the low stress
case, it's far from it.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3857-0
00:27:06.030 --> 00:27:07.889
<v Cebry, Sara B>So we're just going to focus on
the high stress case for a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3857-1
00:27:07.889 --> 00:27:08.110
<v Cebry, Sara B>minute.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3866-0
00:27:08.870 --> 00:27:12.747
<v Cebry, Sara B>Inject fluid pressure that
decreases your peak and your</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3866-1
00:27:12.747 --> 00:27:14.270
<v Cebry, Sara B>residual shear stress.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3886-0
00:27:15.690 --> 00:27:21.097
<v Cebry, Sara B>Which creates more a larger
region for favorable for rupture</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3886-1
00:27:21.097 --> 00:27:26.416
<v Cebry, Sara B>and so sorry as we learn from
the Coulomb stress initiation</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3886-2
00:27:26.416 --> 00:27:28.810
<v Cebry, Sara B>starts when the background.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3902-0
00:27:30.590 --> 00:27:34.754
<v Cebry, Sara B>Normal stress is decreased such
that the initial shear stress is</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3902-1
00:27:34.754 --> 00:27:37.830
<v Cebry, Sara B>higher, and that's what creates
slip right? So.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3913-0
00:27:39.430 --> 00:27:42.438
<v Cebry, Sara B>Wood pressure is required to
decrease that peak beneath the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3913-1
00:27:42.438 --> 00:27:43.190
<v Cebry, Sara B>initial stress.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3922-0
00:27:45.760 --> 00:27:48.520
<v Cebry, Sara B>And we can get an event that
ruptures the entire fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3928-0
00:27:50.070 --> 00:27:51.510
<v Cebry, Sara B>In the low stress case, however.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3936-0
00:27:53.640 --> 00:27:54.880
<v Cebry, Sara B>Decrease the fluid pressure.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3977-0
00:27:54.880 --> 00:27:58.634
<v Cebry, Sara B>We have to decrease it a lot
more to get even initiate slip</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3977-1
00:27:58.634 --> 00:28:02.452
<v Cebry, Sara B>and then also that only creates
a really small region that's</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3977-2
00:28:02.452 --> 00:28:06.332
<v Cebry, Sara B>favorable for rapture. And if
that region is smaller than the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/3977-3
00:28:06.332 --> 00:28:10.400
<v Cebry, Sara B>critical nucleation length, it's
gonna continue to be a seismic.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4010-0
00:28:11.230 --> 00:28:15.543
<v Cebry, Sara B>So it's not until we slip the
fault even more that we create a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4010-1
00:28:15.543 --> 00:28:20.061
<v Cebry, Sara B>region of the fault that's large
enough to host dynamic slip, and</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4010-2
00:28:20.061 --> 00:28:24.032
<v Cebry, Sara B>then we can get an event that
initiates there and slips a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4010-3
00:28:24.032 --> 00:28:25.470
<v Cebry, Sara B>portion of the fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4017-0
00:28:27.040 --> 00:28:29.160
<v Cebry, Sara B>Again, this this is the cartoon
version.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4049-0
00:28:30.870 --> 00:28:34.892
<v Cebry, Sara B>Can take snapshots in time
leading up, so I'm gonna use the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4049-1
00:28:34.892 --> 00:28:38.982
<v Cebry, Sara B>low stress case because it was
500 seconds, so it gives us a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4049-2
00:28:38.982 --> 00:28:43.206
<v Cebry, Sara B>lot of nice time points that we
can look at and we can see how</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4049-3
00:28:43.206 --> 00:28:47.430
<v Cebry, Sara B>the fault conditions change with
continued fluid injection so.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4060-0
00:28:47.430 --> 00:28:50.270
<v Cebry, Sara B>At 10 seconds, the fluid
pressure is fairly narrow.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4082-0
00:28:50.310 --> 00:28:53.249
<v Cebry, Sara B>There's a little bit of slip and
a little bit of stress</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4082-1
00:28:53.249 --> 00:28:56.083
<v Cebry, Sara B>redistribution, but at 100
seconds the fluid pressure</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4082-2
00:28:56.083 --> 00:28:58.550
<v Cebry, Sara B>continues to diffuse and it
continues to grow.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4095-0
00:28:59.360 --> 00:29:02.291
<v Cebry, Sara B>A seismic slitting patch
continues to grow and we</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4095-1
00:29:02.291 --> 00:29:03.640
<v Cebry, Sara B>continue to get higher.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4100-0
00:29:04.610 --> 00:29:06.370
<v Cebry, Sara B>Stress levels on the locked
regions.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4121-0
00:29:07.920 --> 00:29:11.540
<v Cebry, Sara B>And then 500 seconds later, we
have an even larger fluid patch,</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4121-1
00:29:11.540 --> 00:29:13.520
<v Cebry, Sara B>even larger. A seismic slip
patch.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4133-0
00:29:14.080 --> 00:29:17.898
<v Cebry, Sara B>And we've built up more shear
stress as well as a larger</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4133-1
00:29:17.898 --> 00:29:19.640
<v Cebry, Sara B>region of increased shear.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4147-0
00:29:23.000 --> 00:29:27.640
<v Cebry, Sara B>So all that's kinda to conclude
the stress levels control</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4147-1
00:29:27.640 --> 00:29:28.920
<v Cebry, Sara B>earthquake size.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4155-0
00:29:31.870 --> 00:29:34.390
<v Cebry, Sara B>So when you have high stress,
you create a large event.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4161-0
00:29:34.750 --> 00:29:39.095
<v Cebry, Sara B>Low stress is a small event and
this is supported by modeling as</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4161-1
00:29:39.095 --> 00:29:39.430
<v Cebry, Sara B>well.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4176-0
00:29:41.160 --> 00:29:45.611
<v Cebry, Sara B>So in this case they have the
initial criticality of the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4176-1
00:29:45.611 --> 00:29:46.080
<v Cebry, Sara B>fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4187-0
00:29:46.080 --> 00:29:49.148
<v Cebry, Sara B>So how close the fault is to
hosting an earthquake on its</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4187-1
00:29:49.148 --> 00:29:49.360
<v Cebry, Sara B>own?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4212-0
00:29:49.800 --> 00:29:53.497
<v Cebry, Sara B>And then they do a seismic
versus total moment ratio.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4212-1
00:29:53.497 --> 00:29:57.947
<v Cebry, Sara B>Basically the closer you are to
initiating an earthquake on your</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4212-2
00:29:57.947 --> 00:30:00.480
<v Cebry, Sara B>own, you get lots more seismic
slip.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4234-0
00:30:02.920 --> 00:30:06.429
<v Cebry, Sara B>Sorry, when the fault is far
from initiating an earthquake on</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4234-1
00:30:06.429 --> 00:30:08.920
<v Cebry, Sara B>its own, you get a lot more a
seismic slip.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4242-0
00:30:12.560 --> 00:30:14.635
<v Cebry, Sara B>Check that I was going to talk
about critical nucleation</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4242-1
00:30:14.635 --> 00:30:15.400
<v Cebry, Sara B>lengths a little bit.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4253-0
00:30:15.400 --> 00:30:17.470
<v Cebry, Sara B>So if this is not your thing,
you can ignore the next two</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4253-1
00:30:17.470 --> 00:30:17.720
<v Cebry, Sara B>slides.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4280-0
00:30:18.240 --> 00:30:22.031
<v Cebry, Sara B>But what we do find is that
fluid pressure did increase H *</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4280-1
00:30:22.031 --> 00:30:25.190
<v Cebry, Sara B>S increase the critical
nucleation length. If you</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4280-2
00:30:25.190 --> 00:30:29.361
<v Cebry, Sara B>remember the critical nucleation
length is inversely proportional</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4280-3
00:30:29.361 --> 00:30:31.320
<v Cebry, Sara B>to the effective normal stress.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4313-0
00:30:32.980 --> 00:30:37.508
<v Cebry, Sara B>So again, I'm showing these
snapshots in time on these pink</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4313-1
00:30:37.508 --> 00:30:42.037
<v Cebry, Sara B>purple pots with the fast slip
as large gaps, small slip or</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4313-2
00:30:42.037 --> 00:30:46.340
<v Cebry, Sara B>slow slip as like a where
they're really close together.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4322-0
00:30:47.180 --> 00:30:51.500
<v Cebry, Sara B>So on the left is this is just a
sheer triggered event.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4337-0
00:30:51.500 --> 00:30:55.433
<v Cebry, Sara B>Default is wet, but there's no
fluid pressure, so we see that</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4337-1
00:30:55.433 --> 00:30:57.780
<v Cebry, Sara B>we kind of get a gradual
initiation.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4352-0
00:30:58.560 --> 00:31:01.395
<v Cebry, Sara B>Outside of a pretty small
slipping patch, so you only get</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4352-1
00:31:01.395 --> 00:31:03.840
<v Cebry, Sara B>critical nucleation length of
about half a meter.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4372-0
00:31:05.300 --> 00:31:09.080
<v Cebry, Sara B>Right. Is where we have the high
stress case with fluid being</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4372-1
00:31:09.080 --> 00:31:11.580
<v Cebry, Sara B>injected right here at about 2.3
meters.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4386-0
00:31:12.060 --> 00:31:16.476
<v Cebry, Sara B>So we see a large slow slipping
region and then it initiates out</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4386-1
00:31:16.476 --> 00:31:17.020
<v Cebry, Sara B>of that.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4404-0
00:31:18.560 --> 00:31:21.700
<v Cebry, Sara B>So slipping region and we'll
call the critical nucleation</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4404-1
00:31:21.700 --> 00:31:23.000
<v Cebry, Sara B>length about 1.2 meters.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4412-0
00:31:25.690 --> 00:31:29.303
<v Cebry, Sara B>So that kinda matches up with
the theory behind the critical</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4412-1
00:31:29.303 --> 00:31:30.370
<v Cebry, Sara B>nucleation length.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4416-0
00:31:33.410 --> 00:31:34.050
<v Cebry, Sara B>There's the equation.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4418-0
00:31:34.050 --> 00:31:35.250
<v Cebry, Sara B>I should have put these slides.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4453-0
00:31:37.040 --> 00:31:40.818
<v Cebry, Sara B>But one thing that we did find
interesting and probably warrant</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4453-1
00:31:40.818 --> 00:31:44.654
<v Cebry, Sara B>a little bit more investigation
is that in the high stress case,</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4453-2
00:31:44.654 --> 00:31:48.019
<v Cebry, Sara B>it actually had a larger
critical nucleation length than</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4453-3
00:31:48.019 --> 00:31:49.200
<v Cebry, Sara B>the low stress case.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4469-0
00:31:50.880 --> 00:31:53.964
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so that is something that
doesn't match up with a lot of</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4469-1
00:31:53.964 --> 00:31:56.240
<v Cebry, Sara B>the modeling studies that we've
seen so far.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4493-0
00:31:57.960 --> 00:32:01.411
<v Cebry, Sara B>And it may kind of tie into
well. So it definitely ties into</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4493-1
00:32:01.411 --> 00:32:04.693
<v Cebry, Sara B>the fact that nucleation is
sensitive to details that are</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4493-2
00:32:04.693 --> 00:32:04.920
<v Cebry, Sara B>not.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4500-0
00:32:06.510 --> 00:32:08.990
<v Cebry, Sara B>Like fully considered in this
equation.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4503-0
00:32:08.990 --> 00:32:10.510
<v Cebry, Sara B>So things like healing.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4539-0
00:32:12.080 --> 00:32:14.931
<v Cebry, Sara B>Or loading rate right? Because
in the high stress case it's</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4539-1
00:32:14.931 --> 00:32:17.925
<v Cebry, Sara B>being loaded slower from the A
seismic slip, whereas sorry the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4539-2
00:32:17.925 --> 00:32:20.681
<v Cebry, Sara B>low stress case is being
effectively being loaded slower.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4539-3
00:32:20.681 --> 00:32:23.200
<v Cebry, Sara B>High stress case is effectively
being loaded faster.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4551-0
00:32:24.800 --> 00:32:26.887
<v Cebry, Sara B>Because we're looking when
you're looking at the slip rates</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4551-1
00:32:26.887 --> 00:32:28.000
<v Cebry, Sara B>of the A seismic slipping patch.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4556-0
00:32:30.240 --> 00:32:31.520
<v Cebry, Sara B>And it's also kind of an
interesting.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4573-0
00:32:33.200 --> 00:32:36.040
<v Cebry, Sara B>The nucleation length might have
a time scale associated with it</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4573-1
00:32:36.040 --> 00:32:37.920
<v Cebry, Sara B>as well that we're not
considering, right?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4580-0
00:32:38.080 --> 00:32:40.240
<v Cebry, Sara B>These are both showing the same
window in time.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4601-0
00:32:41.470 --> 00:32:44.973
<v Cebry, Sara B>So if we expanded the time
window case, would we see more</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4601-1
00:32:44.973 --> 00:32:47.390
<v Cebry, Sara B>of a critical nucleation length
or not?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4608-0
00:32:48.150 --> 00:32:50.590
<v Cebry, Sara B>That was kind of an open-ended
question from this work.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4642-0
00:32:53.570 --> 00:32:57.082
<v Cebry, Sara B>So to conclude, we found that
fault Heterogeneities can</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4642-1
00:32:57.082 --> 00:33:00.658
<v Cebry, Sara B>promote small events fault
heterogeneities such as fluid</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4642-2
00:33:00.658 --> 00:33:04.233
<v Cebry, Sara B>injection can promote small
events, some of which can go</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4642-3
00:33:04.233 --> 00:33:04.610
<v Cebry, Sara B>large.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4652-0
00:33:04.610 --> 00:33:07.300
<v Cebry, Sara B>And this is really important for
earthquake hazard prediction to</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4652-1
00:33:07.300 --> 00:33:09.370
<v Cebry, Sara B>kind of understanding where the
events can occur.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4675-0
00:33:10.920 --> 00:33:14.081
<v Cebry, Sara B>We also see that a seismic and
seismic slip both result from</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4675-1
00:33:14.081 --> 00:33:16.880
<v Cebry, Sara B>fluid injections under a variety
of fault conditions.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4691-0
00:33:17.200 --> 00:33:20.318
<v Cebry, Sara B>This is kind of important for
earthquake mechanics and</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4691-1
00:33:20.318 --> 00:33:23.889
<v Cebry, Sara B>understanding how, like a fault
that is far from critical, can</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4691-2
00:33:23.889 --> 00:33:24.400
<v Cebry, Sara B>actually.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4696-0
00:33:25.000 --> 00:33:26.760
<v Cebry, Sara B>Produce dynamic events.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4727-0
00:33:28.320 --> 00:33:31.046
<v Cebry, Sara B>We also see that stress levels
on the fall play a really</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4727-1
00:33:31.046 --> 00:33:34.013
<v Cebry, Sara B>critical role in determining
when rupture stopped, and that's</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4727-2
00:33:34.013 --> 00:33:36.739
<v Cebry, Sara B>important for magnitude
estimation. Is knowing when your</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4727-3
00:33:36.739 --> 00:33:37.840
<v Cebry, Sara B>event is going to stop.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4738-0
00:33:39.960 --> 00:33:42.080
<v Cebry, Sara B>So this was all work that I did
during my pH.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4751-0
00:33:44.280 --> 00:33:47.640
<v Cebry, Sara B>Here's a post doc and so kind of
for my plan.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4767-0
00:33:48.280 --> 00:33:51.984
<v Cebry, Sara B>Tamra already mentioned a lot of
this already, but I'm planning</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4767-1
00:33:51.984 --> 00:33:55.400
<v Cebry, Sara B>to do continue this fluid
injection study on the 2M scale.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4769-0
00:33:57.960 --> 00:33:58.400
<v Cebry, Sara B>And.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4786-0
00:33:59.210 --> 00:34:02.714
<v Cebry, Sara B>Answer Some open questions and
kind of be able to see different</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4786-1
00:34:02.714 --> 00:34:06.217
<v Cebry, Sara B>set up. Possibly look. Yeah, we
have a whole bunch of different</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4786-2
00:34:06.217 --> 00:34:09.010
<v Cebry, Sara B>things to do, including getting
it up and running.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4798-0
00:34:10.560 --> 00:34:13.411
<v Cebry, Sara B>And while that's happening, I'm
kinda doing like a little</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4798-1
00:34:13.411 --> 00:34:14.640
<v Cebry, Sara B>calling at my side quest.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4818-0
00:34:16.280 --> 00:34:19.435
<v Cebry, Sara B>In observational seismology,
looking at looking for induced</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4818-1
00:34:19.435 --> 00:34:20.960
<v Cebry, Sara B>repeaters in southern Kansas.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4833-0
00:34:21.760 --> 00:34:26.416
<v Cebry, Sara B>So southern Kansas down here and
this is a lot like Elizabeth</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4833-1
00:34:26.416 --> 00:34:29.120
<v Cebry, Sara B>Cochran and Justin Rubenstein
have.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4847-0
00:34:29.730 --> 00:34:33.210
<v Cebry, Sara B>A really nice catalog for about
four years.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4850-0
00:34:33.210 --> 00:34:35.810
<v Cebry, Sara B>There's 100,000 events.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4859-0
00:34:37.360 --> 00:34:40.160
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so there's a lot in there to
look for repeaters.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4880-0
00:34:41.920 --> 00:34:44.999
<v Cebry, Sara B>And the entire catalog is
currently running. Hopefully as</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4880-1
00:34:44.999 --> 00:34:47.920
<v Cebry, Sara B>we speak or it's finished. That
would be exciting too.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4909-0
00:34:49.600 --> 00:34:52.681
<v Cebry, Sara B>But if we look at just, we've
done a I've done a lot of</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4909-1
00:34:52.681 --> 00:34:55.598
<v Cebry, Sara B>preliminary steps to make sure
everything's working.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4909-2
00:34:55.598 --> 00:34:59.120
<v Cebry, Sara B>Everything's running well and if
we just look at like 6 months.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4914-0
00:35:01.650 --> 00:35:02.170
<v Cebry, Sara B>You see that?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4917-0
00:35:02.170 --> 00:35:04.090
<v Cebry, Sara B>There's already a lot of events,
so.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4927-0
00:35:05.640 --> 00:35:07.360
<v Cebry, Sara B>This being fluid injected in
Kansas, I didn't.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4928-0
00:35:07.520 --> 00:35:08.240
<v Cebry, Sara B>That's probably background.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4930-0
00:35:08.240 --> 00:35:08.800
<v Cebry, Sara B>I should have covered.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4944-0
00:35:10.800 --> 00:35:16.440
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so this is the injection
monthly barrels over time.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4957-0
00:35:18.080 --> 00:35:22.323
<v Cebry, Sara B>When there's definitely a lot of
fluid being injected, there's a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4957-1
00:35:22.323 --> 00:35:23.760
<v Cebry, Sara B>lot of seismic events.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4961-0
00:35:26.910 --> 00:35:30.750
<v Cebry, Sara B>And we can look sorry, yeah.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4966-0
00:35:31.470 --> 00:35:32.950
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so we can look through all
this.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4972-0
00:35:34.520 --> 00:35:35.360
<v Cebry, Sara B>And we find repeaters.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4982-0
00:35:35.440 --> 00:35:39.663
<v Cebry, Sara B>So kind of the pink and yellow
events are the locations of</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4982-1
00:35:39.663 --> 00:35:40.880
<v Cebry, Sara B>repeating events.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4991-0
00:35:42.330 --> 00:35:44.570
<v Cebry, Sara B>We plot them all on a magnitude
vs time.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/4995-0
00:35:44.570 --> 00:35:46.690
<v Cebry, Sara B>It looks very crazy and very
chaotic.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5001-0
00:35:49.200 --> 00:35:50.440
<v Cebry, Sara B>Still kinda looking through.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5014-0
00:35:50.440 --> 00:35:52.764
<v Cebry, Sara B>Well, still waiting for the
whole catalog to run to then</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5014-1
00:35:52.764 --> 00:35:54.640
<v Cebry, Sara B>start to figure out what a lot
of this means.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5031-0
00:35:54.920 --> 00:35:59.257
<v Cebry, Sara B>But some interesting things I've
found so far are that everything</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5031-1
00:35:59.257 --> 00:36:02.280
<v Cebry, Sara B>seems to be a lot of the
repeaters are pairs.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5040-0
00:36:02.720 --> 00:36:04.800
<v Cebry, Sara B>So you kind of if you have a
repeating earthquake, right?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5067-0
00:36:04.800 --> 00:36:08.250
<v Cebry, Sara B>It's the same section of the
fault that slips over and over</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5067-1
00:36:08.250 --> 00:36:11.642
<v Cebry, Sara B>in the same way such that you
get the same magnitude, same</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5067-2
00:36:11.642 --> 00:36:14.000
<v Cebry, Sara B>location, same, very similar
wave forms.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5077-0
00:36:14.800 --> 00:36:17.786
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so if you have like a a
size, if it's if a fault is</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5077-1
00:36:17.786 --> 00:36:18.480
<v Cebry, Sara B>being loaded.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5085-0
00:36:19.360 --> 00:36:22.015
<v Cebry, Sara B>And what they see in a lot of
other places that you get it</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5085-1
00:36:22.015 --> 00:36:22.240
<v Cebry, Sara B>like.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5106-0
00:36:23.800 --> 00:36:28.472
<v Cebry, Sara B>A very regular recurrence time
of these events, and so far I</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5106-1
00:36:28.472 --> 00:36:31.920
<v Cebry, Sara B>haven't seen like a regular
recurrence time.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5114-0
00:36:31.920 --> 00:36:36.361
<v Cebry, Sara B>Over the time Windows I'm
looking at, I've primarily seen</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5114-1
00:36:36.361 --> 00:36:37.280
<v Cebry, Sara B>event pairs.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5135-0
00:36:37.280 --> 00:36:41.291
<v Cebry, Sara B>So like if we look at this
pinkish, reddish one right here,</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5135-1
00:36:41.291 --> 00:36:45.302
<v Cebry, Sara B>it's two events that are pretty
similar and they occur like</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5135-2
00:36:45.302 --> 00:36:46.640
<v Cebry, Sara B>hours to days apart.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5143-0
00:36:48.240 --> 00:36:51.282
<v Cebry, Sara B>Despite the fact that I'm
looking over a six month window</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5143-1
00:36:51.282 --> 00:36:51.440
<v Cebry, Sara B>so.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5155-0
00:36:52.230 --> 00:36:55.835
<v Cebry, Sara B>I don't know what it means, but
it's interesting and hopefully</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5155-1
00:36:55.835 --> 00:36:59.326
<v Cebry, Sara B>they'll find out if you have
thoughts, I'd love to chat with</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5155-2
00:36:59.326 --> 00:37:00.070
<v Cebry, Sara B>you about it.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5167-0
00:37:01.800 --> 00:37:03.920
<v Cebry, Sara B>And kind of other things I find
interesting.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5171-0
00:37:03.920 --> 00:37:05.400
<v Cebry, Sara B>I would love to chat with you
all about.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5182-0
00:37:07.120 --> 00:37:10.520
<v Cebry, Sara B>Are looking at things like
asperities and creep behavior.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5197-0
00:37:10.800 --> 00:37:13.929
<v Cebry, Sara B>So if you have two seismic
patches linked by like a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5197-1
00:37:13.929 --> 00:37:17.240
<v Cebry, Sara B>creeping region in between them,
how do they interact?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5203-0
00:37:17.240 --> 00:37:21.160
<v Cebry, Sara B>How does one disparity trigger
the other or not?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5206-0
00:37:22.090 --> 00:37:23.210
<v Cebry, Sara B>Is it just a seismic?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5235-0
00:37:24.840 --> 00:37:28.080
<v Cebry, Sara B>I've also I'm interested in like
looking at like fault geometry</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5235-1
00:37:28.080 --> 00:37:31.016
<v Cebry, Sara B>and how can different fault
geometries like if you have a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5235-2
00:37:31.016 --> 00:37:32.080
<v Cebry, Sara B>pretty much a radial.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5245-0
00:37:33.720 --> 00:37:36.560
<v Cebry, Sara B>Very like theoretical like Brune
event.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5262-0
00:37:36.720 --> 00:37:39.080
<v Cebry, Sara B>How is it different than if
you've got like a long, skinny</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5262-1
00:37:39.080 --> 00:37:41.400
<v Cebry, Sara B>rupture that's definitely
propagating from one end to the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5262-2
00:37:41.400 --> 00:37:41.640
<v Cebry, Sara B>other.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5305-0
00:37:44.510 --> 00:37:49.112
<v Cebry, Sara B>And then also kinda looking at
source properties. So like if we</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5305-1
00:37:49.112 --> 00:37:53.713
<v Cebry, Sara B>put a normal stress bump in the
middle of a fault we in the lab</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5305-2
00:37:53.713 --> 00:37:58.172
<v Cebry, Sara B>we find that that can increase
peak ground acceleration by an</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5305-3
00:37:58.172 --> 00:38:02.630
<v Cebry, Sara B>order of magnitude and kind of
looking at what this means or.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5315-0
00:38:02.630 --> 00:38:05.630
<v Cebry, Sara B>How we can relate this to other
things in the Earth so.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5320-0
00:38:07.880 --> 00:38:09.360
<v Cebry, Sara B>And end it there. Thank you.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5330-0
00:38:32.610 --> 00:38:36.290
<v Cebry, Sara B>Yep. So it's able to escape out
the top and bottom.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5332-0
00:38:37.570 --> 00:38:37.690
<v Cebry, Sara B>Umm.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5339-0
00:38:38.490 --> 00:38:39.690
<v Cebry, Sara B>Ignore the text.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5347-0
00:38:40.210 --> 00:38:43.658
<v Cebry, Sara B>You got kind of a puddle on the
top of your phone that I out</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5347-1
00:38:43.658 --> 00:38:44.450
<v Cebry, Sara B>lined in blue.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5364-0
00:38:46.410 --> 00:38:50.351
<v Cebry, Sara B>So that's kind of unrealistic.
If anyone has ideas on how to</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5364-1
00:38:50.351 --> 00:38:52.290
<v Cebry, Sara B>contain it all I'm interested.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5380-0
00:39:04.990 --> 00:39:08.295
<v Cebry, Sara B>What? What it would change and
I'm gonna show my engineering</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5380-1
00:39:08.295 --> 00:39:10.030
<v Cebry, Sara B>background here, so I apologize.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5396-0
00:39:10.470 --> 00:39:14.790
<v Cebry, Sara B>What it changes is changes from
a 2D rupture to a 1D rupture.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5420-0
00:39:15.350 --> 00:39:18.522
<v Cebry, Sara B>So that's one issue with when
you inject into the center of</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5420-1
00:39:18.522 --> 00:39:21.959
<v Cebry, Sara B>the fall, it kinda behaves like
a 2D rupture until it propagates</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5420-2
00:39:21.959 --> 00:39:25.395
<v Cebry, Sara B>until it breaks through the top
and bottom and then you get like</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5420-3
00:39:25.395 --> 00:39:26.030
<v Cebry, Sara B>a 1D effect.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5442-0
00:39:26.470 --> 00:39:29.439
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so if you actually had
uniform flow pressure across the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5442-1
00:39:29.439 --> 00:39:32.657
<v Cebry, Sara B>entire fault or the depth of the
fault, it would just be 1D from</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5442-2
00:39:32.657 --> 00:39:33.350
<v Cebry, Sara B>the beginning.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5450-0
00:39:34.890 --> 00:39:36.810
<v Cebry, Sara B>As opposed to kind of going
through this weird.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5457-0
00:39:38.010 --> 00:39:40.410
<v Cebry, Sara B>Slightly 2D in this region and
1D out here.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5465-0
00:39:41.490 --> 00:39:45.170
<v Cebry, Sara B>But I don't fundamentally change
any of the conclusions.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5471-0
00:39:49.020 --> 00:39:51.220
<v Cebry, Sara B>Basically about this kind of 2D
versus 1D issue.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5490-0
00:39:52.770 --> 00:39:55.509
<v Cebry, Sara B>So in some of your earlier
plots, when you had the sort of</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5490-1
00:39:55.509 --> 00:39:56.810
<v Cebry, Sara B>rainbow color-coded sensors.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5492-0
00:39:58.610 --> 00:39:59.810
<v Cebry, Sara B>Showing the difference.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5496-0
00:40:05.520 --> 00:40:07.120
<v Cebry, Sara B>The sort of Turk.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5498-0
00:40:10.850 --> 00:40:11.010
<v Cebry, Sara B>Ish.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5516-0
00:40:18.870 --> 00:40:24.253
<v Cebry, Sara B>One adjacent one is that
capturing this is me forgetting</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5516-1
00:40:24.253 --> 00:40:29.070
<v Cebry, Sara B>how Rainbow Order works in the
plot in retrospect.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5520-0
00:40:29.110 --> 00:40:31.310
<v Cebry, Sara B>And Oh yeah, I apologize.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5539-0
00:40:31.310 --> 00:40:35.122
<v Cebry, Sara B>So that one actually should have
been like over here. And yes, I</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5539-1
00:40:35.122 --> 00:40:38.817
<v Cebry, Sara B>apologize for. So I guess maybe
to generalize a question about</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5539-2
00:40:38.817 --> 00:40:40.870
<v Cebry, Sara B>it though, that's related to
this.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5551-0
00:40:44.540 --> 00:40:49.500
<v Cebry, Sara B>What degree are you capturing
that transition between kind of</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5551-1
00:40:49.500 --> 00:40:49.740
<v Cebry, Sara B>2D?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5557-0
00:40:57.020 --> 00:41:00.740
<v Cebry, Sara B>Yeah. So that is something. So
I.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5572-0
00:41:03.270 --> 00:41:07.040
<v Cebry, Sara B>One of the studies I looked at
it was on Plexiglas. And so</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5572-1
00:41:07.040 --> 00:41:08.510
<v Cebry, Sara B>because plexiglass has.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5579-0
00:41:10.330 --> 00:41:13.530
<v Cebry, Sara B>It's more compliant, it mimics
fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5589-0
00:41:13.530 --> 00:41:16.690
<v Cebry, Sara B>That's 10 times harder. There's
a lot of hand waving, literally.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5629-0
00:41:17.450 --> 00:41:21.081
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so it's a fault. That's in
theory 10 times larger and so</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5629-1
00:41:21.081 --> 00:41:24.832
<v Cebry, Sara B>also in theory 10 times deeper.
And in that case, we were able</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5629-2
00:41:24.832 --> 00:41:28.046
<v Cebry, Sara B>to see with the our ground
motions, our piezoelectric</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5629-3
00:41:28.046 --> 00:41:31.559
<v Cebry, Sara B>sensors, we were able to see
events that did not propagate</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5629-4
00:41:31.559 --> 00:41:32.690
<v Cebry, Sara B>the top and bottom.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5632-0
00:41:32.690 --> 00:41:33.130
<v Cebry, Sara B>Of the fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5650-0
00:41:35.400 --> 00:41:38.945
<v Cebry, Sara B>And they still showed a lot of
resemblances to the ones that</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5650-1
00:41:38.945 --> 00:41:42.200
<v Cebry, Sara B>did kind of transition into that
from the 2D to the 1D.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5665-0
00:41:44.610 --> 00:41:47.260
<v Cebry, Sara B>We didn't look into it much more
than the fact that there are</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5665-1
00:41:47.260 --> 00:41:49.953
<v Cebry, Sara B>some that don't break the edges
of the fault and that they are</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5665-2
00:41:49.953 --> 00:41:50.210
<v Cebry, Sara B>still.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5669-0
00:41:52.220 --> 00:41:53.580
<v Cebry, Sara B>Dave similarly so.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5674-0
00:41:57.160 --> 00:41:59.280
<v Cebry, Sara B>Future studies looking at that
even more so.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5684-0
00:42:00.890 --> 00:42:03.999
<v Cebry, Sara B>Oh yeah, I'm sorry the question.
OK. Next question, next</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5684-1
00:42:03.999 --> 00:42:04.490
<v Cebry, Sara B>question.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5687-0
00:42:10.340 --> 00:42:10.940
<v Cebry, Sara B>Randy white.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5703-0
00:42:13.920 --> 00:42:18.116
<v Cebry, Sara B>On volcanoes and it's sort of
the same problem. Inverted, we</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5703-1
00:42:18.116 --> 00:42:20.800
<v Cebry, Sara B>have large amounts of magma
coming up.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5746-0
00:42:22.410 --> 00:42:25.774
<v Cebry, Sara B>And we used to say that we
didn't understand almost</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5746-1
00:42:25.774 --> 00:42:29.850
<v Cebry, Sara B>anything until now. I feel like
you can explain things that we</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5746-2
00:42:29.850 --> 00:42:33.667
<v Cebry, Sara B>were unclear about what was
happening, what we seem to see</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5746-3
00:42:33.667 --> 00:42:37.549
<v Cebry, Sara B>is that as the magma comes up,
there's a volume problem. So</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5746-4
00:42:37.549 --> 00:42:39.490
<v Cebry, Sara B>it's shoved inside ways Earth.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5762-0
00:42:39.810 --> 00:42:43.136
<v Cebry, Sara B>It produces usually a few
kilometers away and they have an</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5762-1
00:42:43.136 --> 00:42:44.490
<v Cebry, Sara B>opening component which.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5763-0
00:42:46.980 --> 00:42:47.660
<v Cebry, Sara B>Swarming.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5765-0
00:42:48.550 --> 00:42:49.430
<v Cebry, Sara B>Induced events.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5777-0
00:42:50.970 --> 00:42:53.050
<v Cebry, Sara B>So it appears what we were
wondering.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5791-0
00:42:53.050 --> 00:42:55.770
<v Cebry, Sara B>It seemed like the seismicity
was migrating and we were</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5791-1
00:42:55.770 --> 00:42:57.810
<v Cebry, Sara B>wondering if that's the fluids
migrating.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5795-0
00:42:57.810 --> 00:42:59.810
<v Cebry, Sara B>Well, it seems like a single
aquifer.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5806-0
00:43:01.530 --> 00:43:05.284
<v Cebry, Sara B>May exist in a single location
and that's causing what you're</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5806-1
00:43:05.284 --> 00:43:05.890
<v Cebry, Sara B>saying is.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5825-0
00:43:07.610 --> 00:43:12.378
<v Cebry, Sara B>Increasingly large a seismic
slip area, and that's why the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5825-1
00:43:12.378 --> 00:43:15.530
<v Cebry, Sara B>seismicity is moving outwards.
That's.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5836-0
00:43:17.160 --> 00:43:21.880
<v Cebry, Sara B>Secondly, these intrusions come
up many of them, maybe.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5845-0
00:43:21.880 --> 00:43:24.360
<v Cebry, Sara B>Let's say a week apart. In the
case of Monster attack.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5858-0
00:43:26.090 --> 00:43:30.603
<v Cebry, Sara B>So each time the initial stress
will be less because it was</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5858-1
00:43:30.603 --> 00:43:33.010
<v Cebry, Sara B>reduced by the previous episode.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5865-0
00:43:34.730 --> 00:43:36.410
<v Cebry, Sara B>So that implies that there
should be.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5877-0
00:43:38.010 --> 00:43:41.010
<v Cebry, Sara B>Increasing delay time between
the onset of the size.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5882-0
00:43:43.450 --> 00:43:45.890
<v Cebry, Sara B>Cool. Is that something you
observe?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5885-0
00:43:46.050 --> 00:43:47.130
<v Cebry, Sara B>Sorry, we observe, OK.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5893-0
00:43:50.050 --> 00:43:52.610
<v Cebry, Sara B>Like to sign up to talk to you
for about a week.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5897-0
00:43:54.170 --> 00:43:55.610
<v Cebry, Sara B>I don't know. That'll be enough
time.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5901-0
00:43:57.210 --> 00:43:57.450
<v Cebry, Sara B>Yeah. So.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5907-0
00:43:57.970 --> 00:44:00.770
<v Cebry, Sara B>Randy pointed out some
similarities between.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5929-0
00:44:02.370 --> 00:44:05.401
<v Cebry, Sara B>This work and kind of the fluid
injection and volcanoes where</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5929-1
00:44:05.401 --> 00:44:07.650
<v Cebry, Sara B>you have the magma and magma is
fluid, right?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5932-0
00:44:07.650 --> 00:44:09.010
<v Cebry, Sara B>Sorry, excuse me, I don't know
much about.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5940-0
00:44:10.690 --> 00:44:12.290
<v Cebry, Sara B>Coming through and also creating
swarms of events.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5945-0
00:44:13.930 --> 00:44:14.890
<v Cebry, Sara B>In that case as well, sorry.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5961-0
00:44:16.530 --> 00:44:20.394
<v Cebry, Sara B>This is water, seduced by
movement, OK. And then after. So</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5961-1
00:44:20.394 --> 00:44:22.490
<v Cebry, Sara B>I forgot it. Two more questions.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5980-0
00:44:23.620 --> 00:44:27.796
<v Cebry, Sara B>After a number of these
episodes, I guess you've reduced</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5980-1
00:44:27.796 --> 00:44:31.460
<v Cebry, Sara B>the stress enough that fault
will no longer move.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5994-0
00:44:33.010 --> 00:44:36.343
<v Cebry, Sara B>Because we see that all right,
after maybe eight or eight of</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/5994-1
00:44:36.343 --> 00:44:38.530
<v Cebry, Sara B>these. Now another fault starts
moving.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6016-0
00:44:38.610 --> 00:44:43.977
<v Cebry, Sara B>So we may have had tectonically
loaded but less than the first</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6016-1
00:44:43.977 --> 00:44:47.130
<v Cebry, Sara B>one, so it starts moving
eventually.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6031-0
00:44:47.690 --> 00:44:52.006
<v Cebry, Sara B>Initially we see what we call
the Magar formula, the intruded</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6031-1
00:44:52.006 --> 00:44:54.930
<v Cebry, Sara B>volumes proportional to the size
of this.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6049-0
00:44:56.140 --> 00:44:59.392
<v Cebry, Sara B>But eventually we see that
formula falling apart, worse and</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6049-1
00:44:59.392 --> 00:45:00.260
<v Cebry, Sara B>worse and worse.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6057-0
00:45:00.700 --> 00:45:04.340
<v Cebry, Sara B>So apparently we're getting more
and more a seismic slip.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6064-0
00:45:06.370 --> 00:45:07.850
<v Cebry, Sara B>Yes, that makes sense to me.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6102-0
00:45:07.850 --> 00:45:11.432
<v Cebry, Sara B>So one of the questions was that
during the fluids near</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6102-1
00:45:11.432 --> 00:45:15.590
<v Cebry, Sara B>volcanoes, you kind of get it'll
fall the Magar for a little bit</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6102-2
00:45:15.590 --> 00:45:19.556
<v Cebry, Sara B>that eventually starts to fall
apart and with continued fluid</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6102-3
00:45:19.556 --> 00:45:23.650
<v Cebry, Sara B>injection, eventually one fall
will stop slipping. But like one</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6102-4
00:45:23.650 --> 00:45:25.250
<v Cebry, Sara B>nearby, will start again.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6137-0
00:45:26.740 --> 00:45:31.198
<v Cebry, Sara B>And that does agree with what
I've observed. So in my lab, in</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6137-1
00:45:31.198 --> 00:45:35.080
<v Cebry, Sara B>the lab experiments, we kind of
go beyond some of the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6137-2
00:45:35.080 --> 00:45:38.604
<v Cebry, Sara B>assumptions from Magar,
particularly in that the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6137-3
00:45:38.604 --> 00:45:43.349
<v Cebry, Sara B>earthquakes go outside the where
the region of fluid pressure is,</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6137-4
00:45:43.349 --> 00:45:46.010
<v Cebry, Sara B>right. So the a side mix slip
creat.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6159-0
00:45:46.820 --> 00:45:49.929
<v Cebry, Sara B>Regions beyond that are
unaffected by fluid pressure</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6159-1
00:45:49.929 --> 00:45:52.100
<v Cebry, Sara B>directly that can create
seismicity.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6161-0
00:45:52.260 --> 00:45:54.100
<v Cebry, Sara B>So that's probably one of the
biggest.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6164-0
00:45:55.010 --> 00:45:55.770
<v Cebry, Sara B>Deviation.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6178-0
00:45:56.990 --> 00:46:01.599
<v Cebry, Sara B>If the intrusion is really,
really slow, really slow, we can</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6178-1
00:46:01.599 --> 00:46:03.790
<v Cebry, Sara B>we get a lot of that leakage.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6189-0
00:46:03.790 --> 00:46:09.224
<v Cebry, Sara B>So keep the leakage. OK, cool,
cool and volcanoes. Water also</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6189-1
00:46:09.224 --> 00:46:09.750
<v Cebry, Sara B>leaks.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6192-0
00:46:09.750 --> 00:46:12.350
<v Cebry, Sara B>Everywhere is the conclusion so.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6205-0
00:46:34.790 --> 00:46:36.910
<v Cebry, Sara B>Curious about for that case A
case B.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6207-0
00:46:39.500 --> 00:46:40.220
<v Cebry, Sara B>Address initially.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6212-0
00:46:42.400 --> 00:46:43.920
<v Cebry, Sara B>Which I don't know much about
these areas.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6214-0
00:46:44.720 --> 00:46:45.240
<v Cebry, Sara B>That have.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6216-0
00:46:52.080 --> 00:46:53.360
<v Cebry, Sara B>If you think that.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6220-0
00:46:56.740 --> 00:46:58.860
<v Cebry, Sara B>Do you think that there may be?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6231-0
00:47:04.260 --> 00:47:06.599
<v Cebry, Sara B>I guess like have you ever
thought about those areas and if</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6231-1
00:47:06.599 --> 00:47:07.340
<v Cebry, Sara B>they could be like?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6238-0
00:47:08.690 --> 00:47:12.210
<v Cebry, Sara B>Not exactly K speed, but even
like a lower initial speed.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6271-0
00:47:13.120 --> 00:47:15.973
<v Cebry, Sara B>Yeah. So the question was well,
the first question was that I</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6271-1
00:47:15.973 --> 00:47:18.826
<v Cebry, Sara B>kind of compared like the high
stress case to PO Hong and the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6271-2
00:47:18.826 --> 00:47:21.541
<v Cebry, Sara B>low stress case to Oklahoma. And
I compared it to Oklahoma</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6271-3
00:47:21.541 --> 00:47:24.302
<v Cebry, Sara B>because I read it in a paper
once and I think everyone here</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6271-4
00:47:24.302 --> 00:47:24.440
<v Cebry, Sara B>in.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6284-0
00:47:24.440 --> 00:47:27.391
<v Cebry, Sara B>This room would know better than
me and exactly what the stress</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6284-1
00:47:27.391 --> 00:47:28.360
<v Cebry, Sara B>state in Oklahoma is.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6287-0
00:47:29.970 --> 00:47:30.930
<v Cebry, Sara B>On my reading list is a.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6294-0
00:47:30.930 --> 00:47:32.450
<v Cebry, Sara B>What's the stress state in
Kansas paper?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6297-0
00:47:32.450 --> 00:47:34.770
<v Cebry, Sara B>So yeah, still learning.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6315-0
00:47:35.730 --> 00:47:38.774
<v Cebry, Sara B>And then the second part of the
question was what about places</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6315-1
00:47:38.774 --> 00:47:41.770
<v Cebry, Sara B>that don't create seismicity,
where you have fluid injection?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6320-0
00:47:42.050 --> 00:47:44.650
<v Cebry, Sara B>But no produced seismicity and I
don't know.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6329-0
00:47:45.730 --> 00:47:48.930
<v Cebry, Sara B>I think even lower stress could
definitely be a possibility.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6361-0
00:47:52.050 --> 00:47:55.768
<v Cebry, Sara B>I think high permeability could
be a possibility, so as opposed</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6361-1
00:47:55.768 --> 00:47:58.963
<v Cebry, Sara B>to building up a region of
really high fluid pressure,</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6361-2
00:47:58.963 --> 00:48:02.507
<v Cebry, Sara B>everything's just kind of more
evenly dispersed, which would</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6361-3
00:48:02.507 --> 00:48:04.250
<v Cebry, Sara B>promote a seismic slip, right?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6396-0
00:48:04.250 --> 00:48:08.056
<v Cebry, Sara B>So in my experiments everything
was very heterogeneous and I</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6396-1
00:48:08.056 --> 00:48:11.924
<v Cebry, Sara B>found that when I increase that
heterogeneity. So like when I</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6396-2
00:48:11.924 --> 00:48:15.480
<v Cebry, Sara B>made it even more dramatic
versus letting it diffuse and</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6396-3
00:48:15.480 --> 00:48:17.290
<v Cebry, Sara B>being like kind of more even.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6400-0
00:48:18.130 --> 00:48:18.730
<v Cebry, Sara B>The more dramatic.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6423-0
00:48:19.550 --> 00:48:24.051
<v Cebry, Sara B>Seismicity so that those would
be my two first guesses, but</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6423-1
00:48:24.051 --> 00:48:28.253
<v Cebry, Sara B>there might also be things like
in the rock or in other</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6423-2
00:48:28.253 --> 00:48:32.230
<v Cebry, Sara B>geological factors that I don't
know much about. So.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6425-0
00:48:40.490 --> 00:48:40.610
<v Cebry, Sara B>Yes.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6427-0
00:48:44.810 --> 00:48:45.650
<v Cebry, Sara B>No.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6433-0
00:48:48.050 --> 00:48:50.810
<v Cebry, Sara B>What stress are you talking
about so?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6438-0
00:48:52.610 --> 00:48:54.130
<v Cebry, Sara B>These machines are are messy.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6460-0
00:48:55.850 --> 00:48:59.526
<v Cebry, Sara B>We are theoretically being like,
yes, everything is about uniform</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6460-1
00:48:59.526 --> 00:49:01.810
<v Cebry, Sara B>along the fault without fluid
injection.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6462-0
00:49:02.050 --> 00:49:03.130
<v Cebry, Sara B>That's not actually the case.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6494-0
00:49:04.810 --> 00:49:08.423
<v Cebry, Sara B>You get kind of like au shape
normal stress distribution and</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6494-1
00:49:08.423 --> 00:49:12.155
<v Cebry, Sara B>then when you just apply normal
stress, if you think about you</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6494-2
00:49:12.155 --> 00:49:15.650
<v Cebry, Sara B>take like a a steel block and
press it into rubber, right?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6511-0
00:49:16.310 --> 00:49:18.819
<v Cebry, Sara B>It's gonna like curve up on the
edges and you're gonna get</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6511-1
00:49:18.819 --> 00:49:20.350
<v Cebry, Sara B>stress concentrations on the
sides.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6523-0
00:49:21.270 --> 00:49:24.204
<v Cebry, Sara B>This is rock and rock, but you
still get stress concentrations</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6523-1
00:49:24.204 --> 00:49:24.950
<v Cebry, Sara B>in the same way.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6539-0
00:49:25.830 --> 00:49:29.929
<v Cebry, Sara B>And then when we apply shear
stress to this block because</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6539-1
00:49:29.929 --> 00:49:33.887
<v Cebry, Sara B>we're only pushing at one end,
you kind of like, get an</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6539-2
00:49:33.887 --> 00:49:35.230
<v Cebry, Sara B>overturning moment.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6543-0
00:49:35.230 --> 00:49:37.310
<v Cebry, Sara B>So the rock wants to rotate a
little bit.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6562-0
00:49:38.850 --> 00:49:42.227
<v Cebry, Sara B>A lot of these things are solved
by the diatribe style triangles</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6562-1
00:49:42.227 --> 00:49:44.930
<v Cebry, Sara B>where you get a slightly more
uniform stress state.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6572-0
00:49:47.420 --> 00:49:49.597
<v Cebry, Sara B>That's kind of getting into
trade-offs of different</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6572-1
00:49:49.597 --> 00:49:50.100
<v Cebry, Sara B>apparatuses.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6574-0
00:50:00.520 --> 00:50:01.040
<v Cebry, Sara B>So.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6578-0
00:50:12.100 --> 00:50:12.700
<v Cebry, Sara B>Yes.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6588-0
00:50:18.810 --> 00:50:22.490
<v Cebry, Sara B>So there are multiple, yes can
repeat it.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6614-0
00:50:22.810 --> 00:50:26.754
<v Cebry, Sara B>So he's asking if the stress
along the fault is not uniform.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6614-1
00:50:26.754 --> 00:50:30.892
<v Cebry, Sara B>Where am I injecting relative to
that uniformness and how is it</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6614-2
00:50:30.892 --> 00:50:32.250
<v Cebry, Sara B>affecting everything?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6642-0
00:50:32.610 --> 00:50:36.067
<v Cebry, Sara B>So I have a multi part answer to
this in one of the studies when</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6642-1
00:50:36.067 --> 00:50:39.366
<v Cebry, Sara B>I was doing the smaller scale in
the PMA, it's easier to like</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6642-2
00:50:39.366 --> 00:50:42.610
<v Cebry, Sara B>lift it out and mess around with
the fault and resurface the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6642-3
00:50:42.610 --> 00:50:42.930
<v Cebry, Sara B>fault.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6647-0
00:50:43.170 --> 00:50:45.250
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so I actually put talc
patches on the edges.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6659-0
00:50:46.050 --> 00:50:48.498
<v Cebry, Sara B>To relieve those stress
concentrations on the end and</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6659-1
00:50:48.498 --> 00:50:50.130
<v Cebry, Sara B>create a more uniform stress
state.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6662-0
00:50:52.250 --> 00:50:52.890
<v Cebry, Sara B>And it's still.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6665-0
00:50:54.130 --> 00:50:55.210
<v Cebry, Sara B>Swarming like behavior.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6671-0
00:50:56.850 --> 00:50:58.690
<v Cebry, Sara B>#1, S and #2.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6692-0
00:51:00.370 --> 00:51:04.506
<v Cebry, Sara B>One kind of trick we can play
with the granite is we can</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6692-1
00:51:04.506 --> 00:51:08.570
<v Cebry, Sara B>create a confined region like
just about right here of.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6714-0
00:51:10.210 --> 00:51:13.709
<v Cebry, Sara B>A patch that's favorable for
rupture, whereas like the red to</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6714-1
00:51:13.709 --> 00:51:17.038
<v Cebry, Sara B>yellow and then the purple over
here are not favorable for</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6714-2
00:51:17.038 --> 00:51:17.490
<v Cebry, Sara B>rupture.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6728-0
00:51:19.210 --> 00:51:23.127
<v Cebry, Sara B>Just because of a Poisson effect
within the granite blocks and I</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6728-1
00:51:23.127 --> 00:51:23.730
<v Cebry, Sara B>have done.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6765-0
00:51:25.570 --> 00:51:29.459
<v Cebry, Sara B>Just in playing around, it's not
published or anything, but where</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6765-1
00:51:29.459 --> 00:51:33.055
<v Cebry, Sara B>I if if the Blues and Greens are
favorable for rupture, what</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6765-2
00:51:33.055 --> 00:51:36.650
<v Cebry, Sara B>happens if I inject directly
into the middle of that region?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6771-0
00:51:37.010 --> 00:51:39.130
<v Cebry, Sara B>Versus what happens when I
inject over here at the orange?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6786-0
00:51:40.690 --> 00:51:43.393
<v Cebry, Sara B>And kind of interestingly, it's
not super repeatable, but there</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6786-1
00:51:43.393 --> 00:51:44.450
<v Cebry, Sara B>are a lot of cases where.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6820-0
00:51:46.210 --> 00:51:50.491
<v Cebry, Sara B>The like red through yellow will
start to creep and it'll load up</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6820-1
00:51:50.491 --> 00:51:54.318
<v Cebry, Sara B>this favorable blue and green
region and then it'll create</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6820-2
00:51:54.318 --> 00:51:58.015
<v Cebry, Sara B>actually pretty big seismic
event. Whereas when I inject</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6820-3
00:51:58.015 --> 00:52:00.610
<v Cebry, Sara B>into this blue-green favourable
region.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6824-0
00:52:01.530 --> 00:52:03.090
<v Cebry, Sara B>It creeps and relieves all the
stress.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6838-0
00:52:04.610 --> 00:52:08.011
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so you actually get a
smaller event which not super</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6838-1
00:52:08.011 --> 00:52:09.530
<v Cebry, Sara B>repeatable not published.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6843-0
00:52:09.530 --> 00:52:10.770
<v Cebry, Sara B>Take this all with a grain of
salt.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6849-0
00:52:11.690 --> 00:52:13.810
<v Cebry, Sara B>But that was kind of a cool,
like, counterintuitive.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6851-0
00:52:16.010 --> 00:52:16.210
<v Cebry, Sara B>Yeah.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6857-0
00:52:17.590 --> 00:52:19.030
<v Cebry, Sara B>Everything for the most part.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6874-0
00:52:19.030 --> 00:52:21.863
<v Cebry, Sara B>What I've shown is after those
Poisson stresses have been</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6874-1
00:52:21.863 --> 00:52:24.550
<v Cebry, Sara B>relieved, so everything is as
uniform as I can get it.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6881-0
00:52:35.610 --> 00:52:37.010
<v Cebry, Sara B>The question is what happened to
E1?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6883-0
00:52:37.010 --> 00:52:38.290
<v Cebry, Sara B>There's also an E8.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6908-0
00:52:39.850 --> 00:52:43.541
<v Cebry, Sara B>So this is from what I was
saying where I put the talc</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6908-1
00:52:43.541 --> 00:52:47.770
<v Cebry, Sara B>patches at the end. So E one and
E8 were on the creeping like.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6918-0
00:52:51.290 --> 00:52:54.357
<v Cebry, Sara B>Materially imposed creeping
regions unaffected by fluid</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6918-1
00:52:54.357 --> 00:52:54.850
<v Cebry, Sara B>pressure.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6945-0
00:52:55.170 --> 00:52:58.205
<v Cebry, Sara B>And that was just I took them
off because they don't make a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6945-1
00:52:58.205 --> 00:53:01.341
<v Cebry, Sara B>lot of sense within the context
of what we're looking at, but</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6945-2
00:53:01.341 --> 00:53:04.073
<v Cebry, Sara B>they were useful for me
experimentally to confirm how</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6945-3
00:53:04.073 --> 00:53:05.490
<v Cebry, Sara B>everything was being loaded.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6964-0
00:53:21.700 --> 00:53:24.414
<v Cebry, Sara B>Yes. So the question is how to
identify fluid versus sheer</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6964-1
00:53:24.414 --> 00:53:26.300
<v Cebry, Sara B>triggered events in the natural
setting.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6981-0
00:53:27.850 --> 00:53:31.557
<v Cebry, Sara B>So one way I've heard of is
swarmy versus not swarmy and</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/6981-1
00:53:31.557 --> 00:53:34.810
<v Cebry, Sara B>kind of looking at some of those
characteristics.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7007-0
00:53:36.850 --> 00:53:39.524
<v Cebry, Sara B>I have not spent a lot of time
on it, but I think one thing</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7007-1
00:53:39.524 --> 00:53:42.333
<v Cebry, Sara B>that will be cool to do is put
get a little bit more of ground</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7007-2
00:53:42.333 --> 00:53:42.690
<v Cebry, Sara B>motions.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7021-0
00:53:42.690 --> 00:53:45.309
<v Cebry, Sara B>I haven't really done a thorough
comparison of ground motions</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7021-1
00:53:45.309 --> 00:53:47.970
<v Cebry, Sara B>between fluid pressure or fluid
triggered and shear triggered.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7025-0
00:53:49.690 --> 00:53:50.970
<v Cebry, Sara B>So hopefully in the next.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7030-0
00:53:51.710 --> 00:53:52.590
<v Cebry, Sara B>Two years at least.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7033-0
00:53:52.590 --> 00:53:54.190
<v Cebry, Sara B>Try and play around with that a
little bit more.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7042-0
00:53:57.690 --> 00:53:59.730
<v Cebry, Sara B>I don't have much of A better
answer for that than.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7046-0
00:54:06.110 --> 00:54:07.310
<v Cebry, Sara B>You get a second shot later.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7049-0
00:54:09.410 --> 00:54:10.050
<v Cebry, Sara B>Follow up on this.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7060-0
00:54:10.520 --> 00:54:15.069
<v Cebry, Sara B>Previous question for the
swarming events in your lab</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7060-1
00:54:15.069 --> 00:54:16.080
<v Cebry, Sara B>simulations.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7078-0
00:54:17.650 --> 00:54:22.857
<v Cebry, Sara B>There was much more a seismic
slip relative to the, say, the</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7078-1
00:54:22.857 --> 00:54:24.650
<v Cebry, Sara B>seismic event itself.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7082-0
00:54:24.810 --> 00:54:29.090
<v Cebry, Sara B>So the a seismic versus a
seismic moment.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7098-0
00:54:30.770 --> 00:54:34.738
<v Cebry, Sara B>Could be a potentially
distinguishing factor and also</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7098-1
00:54:34.738 --> 00:54:37.090
<v Cebry, Sara B>relate to predictability or not.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7100-0
00:54:39.730 --> 00:54:40.170
<v Cebry, Sara B>Earthquake.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7129-0
00:54:40.970 --> 00:54:44.334
<v Cebry, Sara B>Yeah. So one of the comments was
that in the Swarmy case and in</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7129-1
00:54:44.334 --> 00:54:47.645
<v Cebry, Sara B>the Floyd Trigger case, there's
a lot more a seismic slip than</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7129-2
00:54:47.645 --> 00:54:49.170
<v Cebry, Sara B>in the shared triggered case.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7135-0
00:54:49.170 --> 00:54:51.890
<v Cebry, Sara B>I'm gonna turn that question
back around on you all.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7142-0
00:54:52.450 --> 00:54:53.730
<v Cebry, Sara B>Can we measure that in the
earth?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7150-0
00:54:53.850 --> 00:54:56.450
<v Cebry, Sara B>Cuz I do think that would be a
really good way to tell.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7155-0
00:54:57.970 --> 00:54:59.250
<v Cebry, Sara B>Fluid triggered versus shared
triggering.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7168-0
00:55:00.930 --> 00:55:03.751
<v Cebry, Sara B>Home intensures have been used,
but you need a really good</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7168-1
00:55:03.751 --> 00:55:05.090
<v Cebry, Sara B>network to show the opening.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7170-0
00:55:08.060 --> 00:55:08.460
<v Cebry, Sara B>OK.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7172-0
00:55:09.750 --> 00:55:10.550
<v Cebry, Sara B>Someone added that.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7188-0
00:55:12.090 --> 00:55:14.869
<v Cebry, Sara B>You need a really good network
to be able to get the moment</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7188-1
00:55:14.869 --> 00:55:16.490
<v Cebry, Sara B>tensors to get the opening
verses.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7191-0
00:55:18.130 --> 00:55:19.010
<v Cebry, Sara B>Sheer moments.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7194-0
00:55:20.610 --> 00:55:21.690
<v Cebry, Sara B>Just to add on that.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7206-0
00:55:28.450 --> 00:55:33.160
<v Cebry, Sara B>Meters or surface geodetic
measurements can address the A</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7206-1
00:55:33.160 --> 00:55:33.810
<v Cebry, Sara B>seismic.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7207-0
00:55:35.450 --> 00:55:35.770
<v Cebry, Sara B>Or.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7220-0
00:55:36.510 --> 00:55:40.614
<v Cebry, Sara B>Most earthquakes for which we
have observations at any a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7220-1
00:55:40.614 --> 00:55:41.910
<v Cebry, Sara B>seismic precursor.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7230-0
00:55:43.530 --> 00:55:46.720
<v Cebry, Sara B>But it would be interesting to
have a similar kind of</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7230-1
00:55:46.720 --> 00:55:47.370
<v Cebry, Sara B>experiment.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7242-0
00:55:56.750 --> 00:56:00.217
<v Cebry, Sara B>It was also pointed out that
there are bore holes, strain</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7242-1
00:56:00.217 --> 00:56:02.070
<v Cebry, Sara B>meters and surface deformation.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7243-0
00:56:02.070 --> 00:56:02.790
<v Cebry, Sara B>Was that the other one?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7265-0
00:56:04.330 --> 00:56:07.396
<v Cebry, Sara B>Geodetic measurements that can
get at a seismic slip in some</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7265-1
00:56:07.396 --> 00:56:10.664
<v Cebry, Sara B>cases, but kind of the key like
the caveat being like the A size</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7265-2
00:56:10.664 --> 00:56:11.770
<v Cebry, Sara B>slope is really small.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7273-0
00:56:11.770 --> 00:56:15.029
<v Cebry, Sara B>It's a really small component,
so it's harder to measure that</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7273-1
00:56:15.029 --> 00:56:15.450
<v Cebry, Sara B>as well.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7280-0
00:56:19.270 --> 00:56:21.990
<v Cebry, Sara B>Yeah. Well, I was gonna move to
the to the post doc part.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7291-0
00:56:23.530 --> 00:56:26.374
<v Cebry, Sara B>The end of the talk you brought
up repeating events and in</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7291-1
00:56:26.374 --> 00:56:27.290
<v Cebry, Sara B>particular for the.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7315-0
00:56:33.750 --> 00:56:37.783
<v Cebry, Sara B>You don't see any sort of
systematic shared recurrence</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7315-1
00:56:37.783 --> 00:56:42.183
<v Cebry, Sara B>interval among the different
pairs you've identified, but I</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7315-2
00:56:42.183 --> 00:56:46.950
<v Cebry, Sara B>wonder what other variables you
might expect current time to be.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7323-0
00:56:48.530 --> 00:56:49.650
<v Cebry, Sara B>Related correlated with here.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7342-0
00:56:49.650 --> 00:56:53.311
<v Cebry, Sara B>So for example, is the
recurrence time different or</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7342-1
00:56:53.311 --> 00:56:57.184
<v Cebry, Sara B>systematically related to the
amount of pressure fluid</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7342-2
00:56:57.184 --> 00:56:59.930
<v Cebry, Sara B>pressure that has been applied
so far?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7353-0
00:56:59.930 --> 00:57:02.885
<v Cebry, Sara B>And if you can look at that or
related to the magnitude of</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7353-1
00:57:02.885 --> 00:57:05.290
<v Cebry, Sara B>magnitude of the events or
something like that?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7357-0
00:57:06.640 --> 00:57:07.440
<v Cebry, Sara B>Looking at something.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7371-0
00:57:09.160 --> 00:57:12.595
<v Cebry, Sara B>More than just two event, you
know, if you look at a set of</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7371-1
00:57:12.595 --> 00:57:15.000
<v Cebry, Sara B>repeaters more than just two, do
you see?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7373-0
00:57:16.890 --> 00:57:17.170
<v Cebry, Sara B>The same.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7376-0
00:57:23.910 --> 00:57:25.230
<v Cebry, Sara B>OK, the question was.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7383-0
00:57:26.770 --> 00:57:28.930
<v Cebry, Sara B>To try and summarize, it is
looking at the repeaters.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7400-0
00:57:30.610 --> 00:57:33.879
<v Cebry, Sara B>I find a lot of pairs and so
there's no like set recurrence</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7400-1
00:57:33.879 --> 00:57:34.370
<v Cebry, Sara B>interval.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7410-0
00:57:34.730 --> 00:57:37.690
<v Cebry, Sara B>So what does the recurrence
interval related to? And if</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7410-1
00:57:37.690 --> 00:57:39.170
<v Cebry, Sara B>there was one that was like?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7414-0
00:57:40.810 --> 00:57:42.090
<v Cebry, Sara B>Went throughout the entire
duration.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7419-0
00:57:43.690 --> 00:57:45.210
<v Cebry, Sara B>Kind of. What would be expect.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7427-0
00:57:46.810 --> 00:57:48.650
<v Cebry, Sara B>Ed, if you have a fault that's
being loaded.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7435-0
00:57:51.370 --> 00:57:52.290
<v Cebry, Sara B>A creeping region.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7451-0
00:57:52.290 --> 00:57:55.826
<v Cebry, Sara B>Your recurrence interval will be
regular and it will be</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7451-1
00:57:55.826 --> 00:57:58.290
<v Cebry, Sara B>correlated to the loading rate,
right?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7464-0
00:57:58.290 --> 00:58:00.781
<v Cebry, Sara B>So if the same patch is being
loaded really fast, you have a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7464-1
00:58:00.781 --> 00:58:02.170
<v Cebry, Sara B>really short recurrence
interval.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7482-0
00:58:02.450 --> 00:58:05.341
<v Cebry, Sara B>And if it's being loaded really
slowly, you have a long</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7482-1
00:58:05.341 --> 00:58:08.181
<v Cebry, Sara B>recurrence interval, whether
that's from fluid, from a</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7482-2
00:58:08.181 --> 00:58:09.730
<v Cebry, Sara B>seismic slip tectonic loading.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7493-0
00:58:11.290 --> 00:58:14.410
<v Cebry, Sara B>Taking that out is a little bit
harder to understand.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7495-0
00:58:14.410 --> 00:58:15.370
<v Cebry, Sara B>Is my understanding.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7499-0
00:58:17.770 --> 00:58:18.410
<v Cebry, Sara B>I don't.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7507-0
00:58:18.410 --> 00:58:19.770
<v Cebry, Sara B>So I'm still running the full
catalog.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7514-0
00:58:19.770 --> 00:58:22.170
<v Cebry, Sara B>This is only six months out of
like 48 months.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7523-0
00:58:23.360 --> 00:58:26.080
<v Cebry, Sara B>But in these six months, I don't
really see anything.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7526-0
00:58:27.610 --> 00:58:28.250
<v Cebry, Sara B>Recurring regularly.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7530-0
00:58:29.850 --> 00:58:30.490
<v Cebry, Sara B>So I don't know.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7551-0
00:58:32.690 --> 00:58:35.997
<v Cebry, Sara B>Instead, if you ever basically
repeaters with like an hour</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7551-1
00:58:35.997 --> 00:58:39.193
<v Cebry, Sara B>duration, perhaps that is
something related to the fluid</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7551-2
00:58:39.193 --> 00:58:40.090
<v Cebry, Sara B>pressure, right?</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7567-0
00:58:40.090 --> 00:58:42.829
<v Cebry, Sara B>And so maybe that's why it
stops, because your fluid</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7567-1
00:58:42.829 --> 00:58:45.672
<v Cebry, Sara B>pressure kind of affects it
enough that it's no longer</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7567-2
00:58:45.672 --> 00:58:46.810
<v Cebry, Sara B>really the same patch.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7570-0
00:58:48.090 --> 00:58:49.650
<v Cebry, Sara B>This is this is all speculation.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7585-0
00:58:51.250 --> 00:58:53.941
<v Cebry, Sara B>Or that that region is no longer
get what that could mean is that</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7585-1
00:58:53.941 --> 00:58:55.410
<v Cebry, Sara B>region is no longer getting
loaded.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7595-0
00:58:56.610 --> 00:58:59.570
<v Cebry, Sara B>I see it pretty uniformly for
different magnitudes.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7611-0
00:59:00.050 --> 00:59:04.365
<v Cebry, Sara B>So even like small magnitudes
like this purple one versus this</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7611-1
00:59:04.365 --> 00:59:05.530
<v Cebry, Sara B>pink one up here.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7620-0
00:59:06.290 --> 00:59:11.292
<v Cebry, Sara B>So like magnitude under one to
magnitude almost two, I still</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7620-1
00:59:11.292 --> 00:59:12.850
<v Cebry, Sara B>see like happening.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7624-0
00:59:14.410 --> 00:59:15.210
<v Cebry, Sara B>Few hours apart.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7628-0
00:59:19.600 --> 00:59:20.640
<v Cebry, Sara B>I don't know.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7631-0
00:59:20.640 --> 00:59:22.120
<v Cebry, Sara B>Talk more about it if you have
other ideas.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7639-0
00:59:30.160 --> 00:59:32.320
<v Cebry, Sara B>Not then. Go and thank Sarah
Beth one more time.</v>

0df04eda-27ac-4d75-8cb3-253f98d67727/7643-0
00:59:35.350 --> 00:59:37.750
<v Cebry, Sara B>Thank you.</v>