WEBVTT

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/47-0
00:00:06.583 --> 00:00:09.103
Hey, it's 10:31 a.m. 

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/53-0
00:00:12.243 --> 00:00:13.373
OK, let's get started.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/52-0
00:00:12.493 --> 00:00:12.983
Yep.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/75-0
00:00:14.673 --> 00:00:18.793
Welcome, everyone, to the
Earthquake Science Center

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/75-1
00:00:18.793 --> 00:00:23.275
seminar for March 29th. Please
turn off your cameras and your

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/75-2
00:00:23.275 --> 00:00:24.143
microphones.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/88-0
00:00:26.443 --> 00:00:30.301
Only a very few announcements.
Let's see. There's a few

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/88-1
00:00:30.301 --> 00:00:30.853
updates.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/93-0
00:00:31.733 --> 00:00:32.703
For Mac users.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/103-0
00:00:33.703 --> 00:00:36.193
Deadlines coming up in April, so
make sure you check  

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/131-0
00:00:36.863 --> 00:00:40.604
on those emails that come in
that talk about that kind of

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/131-1
00:00:40.604 --> 00:00:44.587
stuff. Tomorrow there's gonna
be an All Hands meeting at 11:00

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/131-2
00:00:44.587 --> 00:00:45.613
o'clock on Team's.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/146-0
00:00:47.303 --> 00:00:50.376
That's all I have. So now
I'm gonna pass it to Alan Yong

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/146-1
00:00:50.376 --> 00:00:51.913
to introduce the speaker today.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/151-0
00:00:52.963 --> 00:00:54.663
OK. Can you hear me?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/155-0
00:00:56.423 --> 00:00:56.973
Yes.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/199-0
00:00:57.343 --> 00:01:01.628
Good. OK. Well, thank you,
Shanna, Evan, and Susan without

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/199-1
00:01:01.628 --> 00:01:05.255
you, I wouldn't have the
privilege to introduce Dr.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/199-2
00:01:05.255 --> 00:01:08.815
Aysegul Asian, who is a professor in
the Department of Civil

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/199-3
00:01:08.815 --> 00:01:12.375
Engineering and Earthquake
studies at the Middle East

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/199-4
00:01:12.375 --> 00:01:15.013
Technical University in Ankara,
Turkey.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/244-0
00:01:15.863 --> 00:01:20.384
She received her PhD from
Carnegie Mellon University in

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/244-1
00:01:20.384 --> 00:01:25.551
2006 and was advised by Hackable
Bielec [sp?]. Her thesis was focused

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/244-2
00:01:25.551 --> 00:01:30.556
on full waveform inversion for
seismic velocity and anelastic

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/244-3
00:01:30.556 --> 00:01:33.463
losses in heterogeneous
structures.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/273-0
00:01:34.453 --> 00:01:38.058
Aysegul's expertise include
engineering, seismology,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/273-1
00:01:38.058 --> 00:01:41.524
earthquake engineering,
scientific computing, and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/273-2
00:01:41.524 --> 00:01:45.406
numerical methods, with
particular focus on forward and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/273-3
00:01:45.406 --> 00:01:47.833
inverse ground motion
simulations, 

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/307-0
00:01:48.653 --> 00:01:52.390
effects of simulated ground
motions on structures,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/307-1
00:01:52.390 --> 00:01:57.007
multiscale seismic risk and loss
estimations in urban regions,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/307-2
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structural reliability and
parameter estimation problems

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/307-3
00:02:01.185 --> 00:02:04.483
for site characterization and
site response.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/348-0
00:02:06.033 --> 00:02:10.081
She is the current General
secretary of the Earthquake

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/348-1
00:02:10.081 --> 00:02:14.204
Engineering Association of
Turkey, which I like to take

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/348-2
00:02:14.204 --> 00:02:18.547
this moment to emphasize their
notable acronym of EEAT, EEAT

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/348-3
00:02:18.547 --> 00:02:22.522
Earthquake Engineering
Association of Turkey. I found

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/348-4
00:02:22.522 --> 00:02:24.363
that really, really cool.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/381-0
00:02:25.213 --> 00:02:30.252
Aysegul also serves as a member
of the Cosmos board of directors

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/381-1
00:02:30.252 --> 00:02:34.439
as well as a member of the
Executive Committee of the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/381-2
00:02:34.439 --> 00:02:36.843
European Seismological Council.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/394-0
00:02:37.503 --> 00:02:41.828
She is indeed very active in all
aspects of the international

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/394-1
00:02:41.828 --> 00:02:43.293
earthquake community.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/411-0
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AshkalAshkal, like our very own
Mehmet Celebi, are testaments to the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/411-1
00:02:48.147 --> 00:02:50.493
resiliency of the people of
Turkey.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/457-0
00:02:51.063 --> 00:02:55.057
Mehmet hopefully did not
hurt himself when he visited

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/457-1
00:02:55.057 --> 00:02:59.245
Aysegul a few weeks ago. Aysegul did
tear her ankle during the early

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/457-2
00:02:59.245 --> 00:03:03.240
days of the crisis but continued
to perform a reconnaissance to

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/457-3
00:03:03.240 --> 00:03:07.364
assess the damage zones, which
I'm sure, we will be showing

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/457-4
00:03:07.364 --> 00:03:11.423
in her slides. So please join me
in a warm welcome of Aysegul.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/484-0
00:03:14.093 --> 00:03:17.704
Thank you very much, Alan. I
hope I deserve this

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/484-1
00:03:17.704 --> 00:03:22.346
introduction. Thank you again.
So let's start quickly. Can you

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/484-2
00:03:22.346 --> 00:03:23.673
see my screen now?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/486-0
00:03:26.283 --> 00:03:26.713
Yes.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/490-0
00:03:27.003 --> 00:03:27.473
Yes.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/491-0
00:03:27.203 --> 00:03:27.653
Yes.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/521-0
00:03:27.203 --> 00:03:31.981
OK, thank you. OK. So today I
will be talking about an initial

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/521-1
00:03:31.981 --> 00:03:36.455
assessment of the recorded
ground motions of the Kahramanmaras

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/521-2
00:03:36.455 --> 00:03:40.930
earthquakes and also the we'll
talk about observed damages

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/521-3
00:03:40.930 --> 00:03:41.613
slightly.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/595-0
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I would like to start with the
tectonic setting of Turkey.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/595-1
00:03:47.061 --> 00:03:51.279
Turkey is located on a seismic
be very active zone. We are

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/595-2
00:03:51.279 --> 00:03:55.425
separated as the Anatolian
block. They are separated from

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/595-3
00:03:55.425 --> 00:03:59.643
the Euro Asian plate with the
well known N Anatolian fault

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/595-4
00:03:59.643 --> 00:04:04.004
zones. Strike slip mostly right
lateral and we are separated

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/595-5
00:04:04.004 --> 00:04:08.579
from the Arabian plate with the
East Anatolian fault zone where

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/595-6
00:04:08.579 --> 00:04:12.940
we had the recent earthquakes.
We know about the African and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/595-7
00:04:12.940 --> 00:04:14.013
Arabian plates.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/625-0
00:04:14.103 --> 00:04:18.080
Moving northwards, this is
causing high rates of crustal

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/625-1
00:04:18.080 --> 00:04:21.987
deformations and Anatolian
block, resulting in multiple

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/625-2
00:04:21.987 --> 00:04:25.615
earthquakes per year, and some
of them being really

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/625-3
00:04:25.615 --> 00:04:26.453
destructive.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/711-0
00:04:28.333 --> 00:04:33.245
So this is uh uh figure from
Barca late Professor Barca and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/711-1
00:04:33.245 --> 00:04:37.994
his colleagues. I'm going to
show you here the historical

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/711-2
00:04:37.994 --> 00:04:42.661
earthquakes on the East
Anatolian fault zone right here.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/711-3
00:04:42.661 --> 00:04:47.819
This figure was actually drawn
in year 2002. So it had all the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/711-4
00:04:47.819 --> 00:04:53.059
events. But it doesn't include
the last 202122 years. So I will

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/711-5
00:04:53.059 --> 00:04:57.235
show you the area where the
earthquake, the recent

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/711-6
00:04:57.235 --> 00:04:58.873
earthquakes happens.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/755-0
00:04:59.283 --> 00:05:03.552
With the help of my mouse. So
this is the Dead Sea fault zone.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/755-1
00:05:03.552 --> 00:05:07.890
This is the East Anatolian fault
zone. Some of the locations of

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/755-2
00:05:07.890 --> 00:05:11.549
this events are not very
certain, but these are very,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/755-3
00:05:11.549 --> 00:05:12.973
very big events with.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/803-0
00:05:14.093 --> 00:05:19.230
Reports historical reports
telling us that they cause huge

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/803-1
00:05:19.230 --> 00:05:24.717
damage in the entire region. So
after this figure, actually we

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/803-2
00:05:24.717 --> 00:05:30.029
had the 2010 and Leslie event
and I'm sorry before that 2003

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/803-3
00:05:30.029 --> 00:05:34.383
being your earthquake and then
2010, a laser and.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/870-0
00:05:35.423 --> 00:05:40.233
2020 again a loser to the South,
and the area that is just

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/870-1
00:05:40.233 --> 00:05:44.880
ruptured was the only not
rupture segment on the Eastern

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/870-2
00:05:44.880 --> 00:05:49.853
Autoneum Fault zone, so it is
really important to understand

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/870-3
00:05:49.853 --> 00:05:54.826
that this events were somewhat
anticipated, but not probably

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/870-4
00:05:54.826 --> 00:06:00.044
their magnitudes or their entire
rupture lengths. And these are

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/870-5
00:06:00.044 --> 00:06:04.773
the USGS solutions that I've
just plotted not to scale to

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/870-6
00:06:04.773 --> 00:06:05.833
show you the.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/882-0
00:06:06.013 --> 00:06:09.401
Yellow one is the first event
and the blue one is the second

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/882-1
00:06:09.401 --> 00:06:09.623
one.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/959-0
00:06:11.203 --> 00:06:15.966
Umm, here is actually another a
better figure where the source

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/959-1
00:06:15.966 --> 00:06:20.503
models and the fault planes
solutions are obtained from the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/959-2
00:06:20.503 --> 00:06:25.040
USGS. The first event it has
actually started here and then

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/959-3
00:06:25.040 --> 00:06:29.501
it moved bilaterally to the
North and to the South and the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/959-4
00:06:29.501 --> 00:06:33.811
second one within 9 hours
actually and in Ankara I could

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/959-5
00:06:33.811 --> 00:06:38.499
feel the second earthquake on a
single story house. So it was

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/959-6
00:06:38.499 --> 00:06:41.373
very interesting for me the next
day.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1015-0
00:06:41.613 --> 00:06:46.801
It's a left that's really event
again with a magnitude 7.5. The

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1015-1
00:06:46.801 --> 00:06:51.664
first event has been really
reported in Ankara as well. And

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1015-2
00:06:51.664 --> 00:06:56.852
Please note that we are like 708
hundred kilometers away almost

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1015-3
00:06:56.852 --> 00:07:01.392
and some people in total
structures could feel even the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1015-4
00:07:01.392 --> 00:07:03.743
first earthquake at night so.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1035-0
00:07:05.283 --> 00:07:09.293
Guys can you can you read the
bottom of the slides because I

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1035-1
00:07:09.293 --> 00:07:11.923
can't, can you can you see
what's here?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1051-0
00:07:13.533 --> 00:07:17.925
No. Looks like you're you're
bottom thing. Menu bar is

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1051-1
00:07:17.925 --> 00:07:19.283
blocking out the.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1055-0
00:07:19.913 --> 00:07:22.703
Umm, OK uh.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1072-0
00:07:23.513 --> 00:07:27.417
I'll I'll try to show you like
that is it, does it work this

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1072-1
00:07:27.417 --> 00:07:28.633
way? Is it too bad?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1084-0
00:07:29.853 --> 00:07:33.303
Because I I need you to see the
rest of the.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1093-0
00:07:33.943 --> 00:07:35.743
Slides, yeah.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1099-0
00:07:35.283 --> 00:07:37.843
So that that looks that looks
fine. I see, yeah.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1168-0
00:07:38.393 --> 00:07:42.263
It's not OK. OK, that's the
aspect ratio I think. OK. So

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1168-1
00:07:42.263 --> 00:07:46.405
these are the informations that
we have been gathering and a

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1168-2
00:07:46.405 --> 00:07:50.478
colleague, owner pechan, he's a
professor at MIT as well in

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1168-3
00:07:50.478 --> 00:07:54.688
geotechnical engineering as part
of civil engineering and his

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1168-4
00:07:54.688 --> 00:07:59.033
team, they have developed this
app where they have more than 55

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1168-5
00:07:59.033 --> 00:08:03.515
layers. This is a public app and
I really recommend you to take a

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1168-6
00:08:03.515 --> 00:08:07.453
look at it online. It has
everything including the false.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1171-0
00:08:07.563 --> 00:08:08.293
Theology.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1254-0
00:08:09.253 --> 00:08:13.106
Sites, classifications,
aftershocks are MMI values and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1254-1
00:08:13.106 --> 00:08:17.030
damage photos, so everything is
there, but we have been

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1254-2
00:08:17.030 --> 00:08:21.654
recording lots of aftershocks as
being announced in Afat website,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1254-3
00:08:21.654 --> 00:08:26.068
so we had some previous studies
in this region. I can tell you

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1254-4
00:08:26.068 --> 00:08:30.552
that the main focus in Turkey is
really on the northern Italian

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1254-5
00:08:30.552 --> 00:08:34.686
fault zone and I will be honest
about it because the dense

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1254-6
00:08:34.686 --> 00:08:38.820
population is near the West of
North Antonio Falls or near

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1254-7
00:08:38.820 --> 00:08:41.903
Istanbul is Mint Marmara region
in general.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1336-0
00:08:42.263 --> 00:08:46.327
And we had the westward
migration in the last century

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1336-1
00:08:46.327 --> 00:08:51.068
towards Istanbul, but as I said
in the beginning, it's totally

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1336-2
00:08:51.068 --> 00:08:55.283
in fault. Zone has been
reminding us of itself for some

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1336-3
00:08:55.283 --> 00:08:59.723
time now and we had actually
this is an SRL paper that was

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1336-4
00:08:59.723 --> 00:09:04.314
published in 2011 about the
2010. It was the earthquake. And

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1336-5
00:09:04.314 --> 00:09:08.679
our colleague Woken, who was at
USGS at that time, he had

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1336-6
00:09:08.679 --> 00:09:12.743
performed a Coulomb stress
analysis and I found this.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1411-0
00:09:12.823 --> 00:09:16.718
Sentence just after the
earthquake, the level of stress

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1411-1
00:09:16.718 --> 00:09:20.613
may induce seismicity on the
adjacent active faults. As

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1411-2
00:09:20.613 --> 00:09:24.926
stated by other scientists who
work in the region. So another

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1411-3
00:09:24.926 --> 00:09:29.169
study that we were actually
performing we have performed was

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1411-4
00:09:29.169 --> 00:09:33.691
in Gaza and tip Gaza and Tip is
very near the epicenter. It's an

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1411-5
00:09:33.691 --> 00:09:38.143
industrial city in southeastern
Turkey. It's a big city. It's a

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1411-6
00:09:38.143 --> 00:09:42.594
large city, it's it has really a
significant amount of industry

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1411-7
00:09:42.594 --> 00:09:42.873
and.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1488-0
00:09:42.943 --> 00:09:47.437
This was a municipality project
funded by the Principality of

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1488-1
00:09:47.437 --> 00:09:50.989
Gaza and step and we had
performed some scenario

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1488-2
00:09:50.989 --> 00:09:55.556
earthquake simulations. We had
combined it with the structural

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1488-3
00:09:55.556 --> 00:09:59.687
vulnerability in that area. We
have found that community

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1488-4
00:09:59.687 --> 00:10:03.384
velocity model from the
available site studies. We

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1488-5
00:10:03.384 --> 00:10:07.951
didn't do site characterization
in Gaza and tip, but we had we

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1488-6
00:10:07.951 --> 00:10:12.083
had a nice archive and the
result was what you're seeing

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1488-7
00:10:12.083 --> 00:10:14.403
here is a mean damage ratio map.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1577-0
00:10:14.463 --> 00:10:18.524
From uh, some scenarios, but I
note that these earthquakes

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1577-1
00:10:18.524 --> 00:10:22.999
didn't happen. The scenarios we
have are extensions of the dazzi

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1577-2
00:10:22.999 --> 00:10:27.061
faults or not. Island volume
Falzone, but we had concluded

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1577-3
00:10:27.061 --> 00:10:30.916
that the high seismic hazard in
the region coupled with

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1577-4
00:10:30.916 --> 00:10:35.253
significant vulnerability of the
structures actually indicates

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1577-5
00:10:35.253 --> 00:10:39.521
risk. And even though there are
less collapses and maybe much

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1577-6
00:10:39.521 --> 00:10:43.858
less severe damages in the area,
I am informed that the darker

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1577-7
00:10:43.858 --> 00:10:46.543
colors with higher mean damage
ratios.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1593-0
00:10:46.623 --> 00:10:50.850
Anticipated mean damage ratios
were actually affected severely

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1593-1
00:10:50.850 --> 00:10:52.193
from the earthquake.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1621-0
00:10:55.183 --> 00:10:58.695
Another study that we were
performing, which hadn't come to

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1621-1
00:10:58.695 --> 00:11:02.325
Anand actually was an alphabet
funded national project. Alpha

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1621-2
00:11:02.325 --> 00:11:03.203
is the Turkish.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1687-0
00:11:04.333 --> 00:11:08.380
Emergency Presidency that
actually deals with the data

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1687-1
00:11:08.380 --> 00:11:12.721
acquisition, strong motion data
centers, search and rescue

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1687-2
00:11:12.721 --> 00:11:16.547
building code, seismic hazard
maps, it has a lot of

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1687-3
00:11:16.547 --> 00:11:21.036
responsibilities. So we had an
alpha funded national project

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1687-4
00:11:21.036 --> 00:11:25.671
that was entitled development of
a method for urban resilience

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1687-5
00:11:25.671 --> 00:11:30.160
evaluation to Co locate Amarach
case study. And we had these

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1687-6
00:11:30.160 --> 00:11:34.207
figures are actually from last
year we had simulated 2

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1687-7
00:11:34.207 --> 00:11:34.943
scenarios.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1775-0
00:11:35.263 --> 00:11:39.764
Now there are smaller than they
should be, but we had simulated

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1775-1
00:11:39.764 --> 00:11:44.124
7.5 and 7.3 and another one in
March. This is karma marriage.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1775-2
00:11:44.124 --> 00:11:48.625
This is true color and these are
the faults. Some some parts of

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1775-3
00:11:48.625 --> 00:11:53.056
the fault that have ruptured not
all. And we unfortunately the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1775-4
00:11:53.056 --> 00:11:57.416
nature was faster than us. We
knew that our project team knew

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1775-5
00:11:57.416 --> 00:12:01.707
that the area was very critical.
But the earthquake happened

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1775-6
00:12:01.707 --> 00:12:05.153
before we could conclude. We
could see from the.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1832-0
00:12:05.323 --> 00:12:09.851
Grandmother model comparisons
that the anticipated grand

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1832-1
00:12:09.851 --> 00:12:14.936
motions are really higher from
the from the medium values based

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1832-2
00:12:14.936 --> 00:12:19.862
on the simulations. So what's
the 7.8 earthquake anticipated?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1832-3
00:12:19.862 --> 00:12:24.390
Well, the total rupture query
responds to five different

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1832-4
00:12:24.390 --> 00:12:29.395
segments in the active fault map
of Turkey. You can't see this

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1832-5
00:12:29.395 --> 00:12:32.653
properly, so let's go back to
this mode.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1839-0
00:12:33.823 --> 00:12:36.163
OK. So let me show you once
again.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1892-0
00:12:37.343 --> 00:12:41.263
The total rupture area is 5
different segments in the recent

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1892-1
00:12:41.263 --> 00:12:45.376
active fault map of Turkey, and
the authors. Actually they have

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1892-2
00:12:45.376 --> 00:12:49.360
themselves stated that multi
segment ruptures are very common

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1892-3
00:12:49.360 --> 00:12:53.216
in this fault zone. However, no
studies models such a large

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1892-4
00:12:53.216 --> 00:12:57.200
rupture of 400 kilometers. This
is the scenario events that I

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1892-5
00:12:57.200 --> 00:12:58.293
just showed here.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1963-0
00:12:59.803 --> 00:13:04.230
However, this part of East
Antolin Folsom is modeled as a

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1963-1
00:13:04.230 --> 00:13:08.580
single Folsom in one of the
Logic 3 branches of European

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1963-2
00:13:08.580 --> 00:13:13.313
Seismic Hazard model. And this
actually is an ongoing project

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1963-3
00:13:13.313 --> 00:13:17.740
with participants from our
country as well as part of the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1963-4
00:13:17.740 --> 00:13:22.091
mmap project that is still
ongoing. So that was the mean

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1963-5
00:13:22.091 --> 00:13:26.670
magnitude of eight in one of the
scenarios. And recently my

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1963-6
00:13:26.670 --> 00:13:30.945
student album located this
information according to the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/1963-7
00:13:30.945 --> 00:13:31.403
Swiss.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2017-0
00:13:31.583 --> 00:13:35.914
It's magical service. Here are
the annual probabilities of

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2017-1
00:13:35.914 --> 00:13:40.392
exceeding magnitudes according
to the same study. So you can

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2017-2
00:13:40.392 --> 00:13:45.090
see that something larger than
7.7 corresponds to more than 700

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2017-3
00:13:45.090 --> 00:13:49.494
years. Almost 807.4 is about 400
years, so these events are

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2017-4
00:13:49.494 --> 00:13:50.963
really large events.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2093-0
00:13:52.243 --> 00:13:56.261
So the special distribution of
strong ground motion stations,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2093-1
00:13:56.261 --> 00:14:00.473
you can see the fault rupture of
the first event on the left and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2093-2
00:14:00.473 --> 00:14:04.750
for the second one on the right.
These are the station coverages,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2093-3
00:14:04.750 --> 00:14:08.768
the 2nd event and we Stan or
Akin Azar as I will keep calling

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2093-4
00:14:08.768 --> 00:14:12.721
it is less than three monitored
especially in the near field

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2093-5
00:14:12.721 --> 00:14:16.868
area. That's why today I will be
focusing more on the 1st event

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2093-6
00:14:16.868 --> 00:14:20.433
and I will also show some
figures from the second one.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2166-0
00:14:21.353 --> 00:14:25.127
The distribution of Pegram
motion parameters, the peak

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2166-1
00:14:25.127 --> 00:14:29.244
ground accelerations and peak
round velocities are actually

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2166-2
00:14:29.244 --> 00:14:33.293
shown in this figure for the
first earthquake, you can see

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2166-3
00:14:33.293 --> 00:14:37.822
that PGA values reach around one
point, 3G near Antakya. That was

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2166-4
00:14:37.822 --> 00:14:42.214
the station that stated around
2G for the same area for an area

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2166-5
00:14:42.214 --> 00:14:45.988
near Pazardjik, but that is
removed for reasons I will

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2166-6
00:14:45.988 --> 00:14:49.763
explain, but you can see that
along the fault rupture.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2245-0
00:14:50.513 --> 00:14:54.666
We have about 3.7 G peak ground
accelerations and peak ground

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2245-1
00:14:54.666 --> 00:14:58.686
velocities are more important
for structural engineering to

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2245-2
00:14:58.686 --> 00:15:02.639
understand really damages, they
are better correlated with

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2245-3
00:15:02.639 --> 00:15:06.860
tactile structures, even though
I doubt that the structures in

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2245-4
00:15:06.860 --> 00:15:11.214
the region are ductile. You can
see why use near 150 centimeters

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2245-5
00:15:11.214 --> 00:15:15.502
per second and I know I remember
that these are also these data

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2245-6
00:15:15.502 --> 00:15:19.455
are also coupled with high
housner intensity values. Let's

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2245-7
00:15:19.455 --> 00:15:23.073
look at the spectral
accelerations for short periods.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2315-0
00:15:23.273 --> 00:15:27.890
And for long periods, shorter
periods are above 1G and this is

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2315-1
00:15:27.890 --> 00:15:32.361
an important period range for us
because the typical eastern

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2315-2
00:15:32.361 --> 00:15:36.539
Turkish reinforced concrete
structures would be the very

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2315-3
00:15:36.539 --> 00:15:41.376
typical ones, the old style ones
will be two to four, two to five

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2315-4
00:15:41.376 --> 00:15:45.920
stories, even though there are
much higher stories structures

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2315-5
00:15:45.920 --> 00:15:49.732
in the region. And this is the
long period spectral

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2315-6
00:15:49.732 --> 00:15:53.983
acceleration. We have pretty
high values that rich 1.6 G.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2385-0
00:15:54.183 --> 00:15:58.797
In the forward directivity zone
of the Rapture. OK. So when you

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2385-1
00:15:58.797 --> 00:16:03.268
look at the second earthquake,
we can see that the values are

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2385-2
00:16:03.268 --> 00:16:07.666
definitely less. But we have
this joke soon province here of

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2385-3
00:16:07.666 --> 00:16:12.064
Karaman Mirage, which really
high values and high damage PGV

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2385-4
00:16:12.064 --> 00:16:16.319
value is also very high there.
And it's really a pity that

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2385-5
00:16:16.319 --> 00:16:20.284
there are no data from the near
fault region. Spectral

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2385-6
00:16:20.284 --> 00:16:23.313
accelerations for short and long
periods.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2461-0
00:16:24.193 --> 00:16:29.092
They vary around the I can say
at the intermediate fault zones

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2461-1
00:16:29.092 --> 00:16:33.836
fault distances there around 0.1
G 0.2 G But when we look at

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2461-2
00:16:33.836 --> 00:16:38.892
Jackson again, we have very high
values. That's the only station

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2461-3
00:16:38.892 --> 00:16:43.247
that I can comment and maybe
this one around here which

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2461-4
00:16:43.247 --> 00:16:47.913
higher values than the others.
And this is the left lateral

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2461-5
00:16:47.913 --> 00:16:52.424
fault as well to remind you.
Well, I will go back to this

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2461-6
00:16:52.424 --> 00:16:54.913
mode. This figures are computed.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2497-0
00:16:55.003 --> 00:17:00.308
Intensity maps where we removed
topography for you to be able to

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2497-1
00:17:00.308 --> 00:17:05.449
see the colors better and they
are actually converted from PGA

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2497-2
00:17:05.449 --> 00:17:10.754
values. I find PGA to be a good
indicator of Bridget non ductile

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2497-3
00:17:10.754 --> 00:17:13.693
structures damaged in the area
and.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2533-0
00:17:13.783 --> 00:17:19.213
And my student could be like who
was also a in the close to the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2533-1
00:17:19.213 --> 00:17:24.220
area and he was still in the
area trying to map MMI values

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2533-2
00:17:24.220 --> 00:17:28.293
and EMS 98 type damage intensity
values he has.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2610-0
00:17:28.633 --> 00:17:33.048
Next, he has prepared these
maps. On the left is a new

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2610-1
00:17:33.048 --> 00:17:38.105
equation we had to drive on the
right is an older one, but you

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2610-2
00:17:38.105 --> 00:17:43.242
could see the numbers. These are
really the highest MI numbers.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2610-3
00:17:43.242 --> 00:17:47.577
MI values that I have ever
plotted for earthquakes in

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2610-4
00:17:47.577 --> 00:17:52.553
Turkey. I saw numbers around
10:00 and 11:00 at 10 points, of

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2610-5
00:17:52.553 --> 00:17:57.771
course above 10. It really means
pretty bad destruction. And for

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2610-6
00:17:57.771 --> 00:18:01.223
the second earthquake it is
slightly less.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2630-0
00:18:01.563 --> 00:18:06.900
But we still high values as high
as 10 and again between 10:00

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2630-1
00:18:06.900 --> 00:18:09.273
and 11:00 for Gibson Center.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2706-0
00:18:11.823 --> 00:18:16.478
So the recorded motions is the
first thing that I want to show

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2706-1
00:18:16.478 --> 00:18:21.133
you today in detail. The process
records are from the teams of

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2706-2
00:18:21.133 --> 00:18:25.271
SCAN and Abdullah Hoover, former
graduate students, now

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2706-3
00:18:25.271 --> 00:18:29.779
colleagues of us. And you can
find the details of everything

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2706-4
00:18:29.779 --> 00:18:34.508
of the processing of the data in
color and others paper that is

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2706-5
00:18:34.508 --> 00:18:38.202
soon to be submitted to be
Bulletin of Earthquake

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2706-6
00:18:38.202 --> 00:18:42.193
Engineering and in the chapter
four of the metoo ERC.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2773-0
00:18:42.273 --> 00:18:46.083
Record. So we had multiple
issues here as I've been

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2773-1
00:18:46.083 --> 00:18:49.820
discussing with some of
colleagues who are with us

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2773-2
00:18:49.820 --> 00:18:54.510
today, we had we had concerns on
the data quality, the data was

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2773-3
00:18:54.510 --> 00:18:58.906
baseline corrected to begin
with. Then we had access to row

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2773-4
00:18:58.906 --> 00:19:03.596
miniseries. Now we are trying to
work on conversions and trying

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2773-5
00:19:03.596 --> 00:19:08.066
to eliminate the issues and
something about the data that we

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2773-6
00:19:08.066 --> 00:19:12.170
obtained from Tadas, the
alphabet system. The first day

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2773-7
00:19:12.170 --> 00:19:12.463
was.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2844-0
00:19:12.603 --> 00:19:16.821
We have multiple wave packets
that was something new for me. I

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2844-1
00:19:16.821 --> 00:19:20.972
had seen records like that from
from big earthquakes but this

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2844-2
00:19:20.972 --> 00:19:24.655
was very very obvious and
another problem was the high

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2844-3
00:19:24.655 --> 00:19:28.606
pass values. We had to be
careful in order to keep pulses.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2844-4
00:19:28.606 --> 00:19:32.556
The strong velocity pulses in
the data. So I would like to

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2844-5
00:19:32.556 --> 00:19:36.507
show you this and it has a
question mark because it's been

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2844-6
00:19:36.507 --> 00:19:40.323
recently removed from the
alphabet system. I'll tell you

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2844-7
00:19:40.323 --> 00:19:41.663
the reason for that.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2870-0
00:19:46.563 --> 00:19:51.409
OK, so this is the island
station in Gaza and kept that is

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2870-1
00:19:51.409 --> 00:19:56.830
right here. It had multiple wave
packets. You can see that. I can

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2870-2
00:19:56.830 --> 00:19:58.473
see a 3 events here.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2953-0
00:19:59.533 --> 00:20:03.215
The horizontal PGA and the
vertical PGA were very close.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2953-1
00:20:03.215 --> 00:20:07.027
That is interesting for me and
the response spectrum has a

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2953-2
00:20:07.027 --> 00:20:10.968
broadband nature. You can see
that it is different than most

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2953-3
00:20:10.968 --> 00:20:15.038
response Spectra that we have
been calculated and it has peaks

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2953-4
00:20:15.038 --> 00:20:19.172
in the short period range. Also,
I think in longer period range

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2953-5
00:20:19.172 --> 00:20:22.919
you can see the East West
component right here. So why it

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2953-6
00:20:22.919 --> 00:20:26.602
has a question mark because our
colleagues at alpha just

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/2953-7
00:20:26.602 --> 00:20:29.703
recently told me a couple of
days ago that the.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3029-0
00:20:29.783 --> 00:20:34.255
Accumulator battery actually
fell off during the earthquake

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3029-1
00:20:34.255 --> 00:20:38.653
and they told me that they are
suspecting that some of the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3029-2
00:20:38.653 --> 00:20:43.350
spikes are because of that. So
it looked like a normal quality

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3029-3
00:20:43.350 --> 00:20:47.897
record to me. But they say that
no, these are not cyclic, so

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3029-4
00:20:47.897 --> 00:20:52.518
they have removed it from the
system. So this station 3138 is

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3029-5
00:20:52.518 --> 00:20:56.767
located in Hasta Hotai where
there is damage significant

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3029-6
00:20:56.767 --> 00:21:00.793
damage and we see potential
directivity effects here.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3099-0
00:21:00.893 --> 00:21:04.393
In this area, we will
investigate these records in

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3099-1
00:21:04.393 --> 00:21:08.512
detail in the feature and when
my graduate student Abdullah

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3099-2
00:21:08.512 --> 00:21:12.767
investigated the records very
quickly, he has found that this

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3099-3
00:21:12.767 --> 00:21:16.611
is a classical 2 sided long
period velocity pause. This

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3099-4
00:21:16.611 --> 00:21:20.524
record has that property but
when I look at the response

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3099-5
00:21:20.524 --> 00:21:24.368
Spectra right here again,
especially when I look at the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3099-6
00:21:24.368 --> 00:21:28.829
geomean, I'm seeing that we are
above the Turkish design Spectra

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3099-7
00:21:28.829 --> 00:21:30.683
for residential structures.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3166-0
00:21:30.883 --> 00:21:35.782
475 years is the design Spectra
for residential structures and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3166-1
00:21:35.782 --> 00:21:40.526
this is the other one that is
the first level of first level

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3166-2
00:21:40.526 --> 00:21:44.570
of earthquakes or maximum
credible event I couldn't

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3166-3
00:21:44.570 --> 00:21:49.470
describe. So even when for the
longer periods we are above the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3166-4
00:21:49.470 --> 00:21:54.525
maximum credible event. So this
is this is really interesting to

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3166-5
00:21:54.525 --> 00:21:57.403
see the levels of the
accelerations.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3234-0
00:21:58.483 --> 00:22:02.587
This station is located in
Pazardjik Kahramanmaras. It is

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3234-1
00:22:02.587 --> 00:22:06.832
very close to the epicenter of
the first event. It has also

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3234-2
00:22:06.832 --> 00:22:11.290
broadband response Spectra not
as spiky as the other ones, but

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3234-3
00:22:11.290 --> 00:22:15.323
note that we are above the
maximum design earthquake and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3234-4
00:22:15.323 --> 00:22:19.356
the credible event for the
longer period. So and you can

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3234-5
00:22:19.356 --> 00:22:23.884
see the multiple wave packages
more dominantly here even though

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3234-6
00:22:23.884 --> 00:22:28.413
they are more entangled and less
separated than the other ones.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3301-0
00:22:28.963 --> 00:22:33.001
OK, this is Clayton. Record
click on is located in hot Thai.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3301-1
00:22:33.001 --> 00:22:37.106
Remember we are left lateral
towards this area. It has a very

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3301-2
00:22:37.106 --> 00:22:41.078
broadband response spectrum. I
don't think I have ever seen

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3301-3
00:22:41.078 --> 00:22:45.050
anything like this before. When
you look at that. Thanks to

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3301-4
00:22:45.050 --> 00:22:49.089
Abdullah who has prepared this
video for us. I would like to

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3301-5
00:22:49.089 --> 00:22:53.127
show you the cumulative response
Spectra which actually just

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3301-6
00:22:53.127 --> 00:22:57.166
tells you that it has really
broadband character. Let's look

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3301-7
00:22:57.166 --> 00:22:58.093
at once again.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3307-0
00:22:58.973 --> 00:23:00.943
The first packet second.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3377-0
00:23:01.763 --> 00:23:05.334
And third one, so it really
affected structures with

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3377-1
00:23:05.334 --> 00:23:09.646
different fundamental periods. I
think that explains the extent

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3377-2
00:23:09.646 --> 00:23:14.026
of damage in this area. So this
is your son in marriage. This is

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3377-3
00:23:14.026 --> 00:23:18.204
for the 2nd event. I'm going to
show you only one record from

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3377-4
00:23:18.204 --> 00:23:22.449
that earthquake. You can see how
high the ground motion levels

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3377-5
00:23:22.449 --> 00:23:26.761
are given the accelerations. And
I am actually surprised to see

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3377-6
00:23:26.761 --> 00:23:30.871
two fundamental peaks here. One
is around four to five story

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3377-7
00:23:30.871 --> 00:23:31.613
structures.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3417-0
00:23:31.733 --> 00:23:35.821
And the other is around 1.5
seconds and it is about the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3417-1
00:23:35.821 --> 00:23:40.420
design spectrum for both levels
for the longer periods and for

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3417-2
00:23:40.420 --> 00:23:44.582
the shorter, shorter periods is
about the maximum design

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3417-3
00:23:44.582 --> 00:23:45.823
earthquake level.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3482-0
00:23:47.393 --> 00:23:52.025
OK, so there are some examples
for strong velocity pulses. I am

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3482-1
00:23:52.025 --> 00:23:56.296
a lucky professor. Some of my
graduate students are faster

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3482-2
00:23:56.296 --> 00:24:00.639
than me, so I'll do that to
write the algorithm of Shai and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3482-3
00:24:00.639 --> 00:24:05.271
Baker, and he has retrieved some
pulses. We will take a look at

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3482-4
00:24:05.271 --> 00:24:09.614
them very closely. These are
very new, but I wanted to show

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3482-5
00:24:09.614 --> 00:24:14.102
them to you. So the longest I
think period has found is about

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3482-6
00:24:14.102 --> 00:24:15.043
14.4 seconds.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3554-0
00:24:16.103 --> 00:24:21.585
At the again hot tie station. I
think it's near Escandar room.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3554-1
00:24:21.585 --> 00:24:26.807
This is the scandal room. Bay
Area, Scandaroon Bay. OK. And

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3554-2
00:24:26.807 --> 00:24:32.289
there's another one again in hot
Thai 3137. We have a slightly

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3554-3
00:24:32.289 --> 00:24:37.162
smaller period, about 10
seconds. I think this has been

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3554-4
00:24:37.162 --> 00:24:42.297
very effective on the on the
structural damages. These are

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3554-5
00:24:42.297 --> 00:24:46.213
classical directivity effects in
my opinion.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3638-0
00:24:46.413 --> 00:24:51.221
At this point I wasn't. I'm not
really sure if there should be a

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3638-1
00:24:51.221 --> 00:24:55.956
pulse at the station, but there
seems to be a pulse. It doesn't

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3638-2
00:24:55.956 --> 00:25:00.173
look like a classical double
sided, but it finds a pause

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3638-3
00:25:00.173 --> 00:25:04.464
around 5 seconds even at the
station and that is the 4615

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3638-4
00:25:04.464 --> 00:25:08.829
year marriage. OK, so I will
slowly move to the structural

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3638-5
00:25:08.829 --> 00:25:13.563
damages, but look at the ground
motion. Look at the long period

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3638-6
00:25:13.563 --> 00:25:16.523
enhancement here and this is the
water.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3727-0
00:25:16.613 --> 00:25:20.502
I think actually I have found
this picture coincidentally and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3727-1
00:25:20.502 --> 00:25:24.454
it has been taken only two days
before the earthquake. I found

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3727-2
00:25:24.454 --> 00:25:28.406
it in Google Maps and this is
the photograph that I have taken

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3727-3
00:25:28.406 --> 00:25:32.233
and honestly, if I hadn't found
this left figure, I wouldn't

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3727-4
00:25:32.233 --> 00:25:36.122
realize that this was the same
structure. I couldn't even see

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3727-5
00:25:36.122 --> 00:25:40.137
the different stories. I'm not
sure if this is a good design if

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3727-6
00:25:40.137 --> 00:25:43.963
this is a good idea to design a
water tank like that, but it

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3727-7
00:25:43.963 --> 00:25:46.473
really shows the longer period
effects.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3790-0
00:25:46.953 --> 00:25:51.647
So let's compare the strong
ground motions. Again, ground

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3790-1
00:25:51.647 --> 00:25:56.665
motion models. Here we are using
peak ground accelerations to

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3790-2
00:25:56.665 --> 00:26:01.278
compare with poor Atal and
colorectal Boris and two. And

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3790-3
00:26:01.278 --> 00:26:05.810
it's very global. College has
data from mostly regional

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3790-4
00:26:05.810 --> 00:26:10.505
earthquakes and we see that the
peak ground accelerations

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3790-5
00:26:10.505 --> 00:26:12.933
confirms the GMs more or less.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3804-0
00:26:13.853 --> 00:26:17.231
Matt recorded PG's are
definitely higher than

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3804-1
00:26:17.231 --> 00:26:18.113
anticipated.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3816-0
00:26:19.253 --> 00:26:23.443
In maybe Nearfield and
intermediate fields mostly.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3892-0
00:26:26.433 --> 00:26:30.896
Let me go to the essay values. I
always like to show you short

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3892-1
00:26:30.896 --> 00:26:35.358
periods and longer periods for
the short periods. I say why is

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3892-2
00:26:35.358 --> 00:26:39.255
confirmed GM's at shorter
distances you can see at the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3892-3
00:26:39.255 --> 00:26:43.505
near field out to maybe 10:15,
but they start to deviate at

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3892-4
00:26:43.505 --> 00:26:47.543
larger distances and some of the
structures. Some of the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3892-5
00:26:47.543 --> 00:26:51.581
stations. I'm sorry we do not
have site characterization

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3892-6
00:26:51.581 --> 00:26:55.973
information, so the idea the,
the the figures might change in

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3892-7
00:26:55.973 --> 00:26:56.823
the feature.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3926-0
00:26:56.913 --> 00:27:00.385
Once we have type
characterization in that region

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3926-1
00:27:00.385 --> 00:27:04.551
and those studies have already
started, when we look at the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3926-2
00:27:04.551 --> 00:27:08.648
long periods, we can see that
the values are mostly higher

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3926-3
00:27:08.648 --> 00:27:12.259
than the models for rapture
distances less than 100

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3926-4
00:27:12.259 --> 00:27:13.023
kilometers.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/3935-0
00:27:14.253 --> 00:27:16.753
OK, so how extreme were these
events?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4014-0
00:27:16.833 --> 00:27:22.030
Uh, thanks to Abdullah, who has
prepared this figure for us

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4014-1
00:27:22.030 --> 00:27:27.660
today. This is Bora and others.
And here is the media prediction

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4014-2
00:27:27.660 --> 00:27:32.943
plus 1 + 2 Sigma. You can see
that this hottie station at 15

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4014-3
00:27:32.943 --> 00:27:37.881
kilometer EJB and VS 30 of 350
meters per second. We are

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4014-4
00:27:37.881 --> 00:27:43.338
actually having a very extreme
event. This is a rather extreme

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4014-5
00:27:43.338 --> 00:27:46.023
event. We are mostly in the 16.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4089-0
00:27:46.813 --> 00:27:51.453
Percentile 16 percentiles zone
and you can see that even for

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4089-1
00:27:51.453 --> 00:27:56.321
the shorter periods we are above
2 Sigma in this region, OK and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4089-2
00:27:56.321 --> 00:28:00.885
then I will come back to this
station. So for the Gazan tip

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4089-3
00:28:00.885 --> 00:28:05.601
and another hotai station, I
think this is hasta or define. I

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4089-4
00:28:05.601 --> 00:28:09.936
can't remember. Our ground
motions are again larger than

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4089-5
00:28:09.936 --> 00:28:14.348
the median values and this is
more obvious for the longer

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4089-6
00:28:14.348 --> 00:28:17.163
periods that could say you can
tell.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4167-0
00:28:17.243 --> 00:28:22.637
And the RJBS are four and two
kilometers. We are all sexy

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4167-1
00:28:22.637 --> 00:28:28.031
types. Soil zazzi is the is
basically knee harp C we have

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4167-2
00:28:28.031 --> 00:28:33.425
the same limits that C is the
Turkish definition. OK, how

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4167-3
00:28:33.425 --> 00:28:38.633
extreme work does events when
three records in hot type

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4167-4
00:28:38.633 --> 00:28:44.213
312631383139 our compared with
NGA W 2 database we with the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4167-5
00:28:44.213 --> 00:28:47.933
actually with the maximum with
records.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4254-0
00:28:48.253 --> 00:28:52.098
Which have maximum spectral
acceleration values at some

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4254-1
00:28:52.098 --> 00:28:56.011
selected discrete periods
between 0.05 and four seconds.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4254-2
00:28:56.011 --> 00:28:59.788
This is where the Turkish ground
motions stand and the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4254-3
00:28:59.788 --> 00:29:03.907
earthquakes are given here. I'm
sorry that I don't have the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4254-4
00:29:03.907 --> 00:29:08.027
station calls for the large
events in the NGA W 2 database,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4254-5
00:29:08.027 --> 00:29:12.215
but you can tell that hotel
events are actually very high or

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4254-6
00:29:12.215 --> 00:29:16.610
some of them in the short period
and some of them are larger in

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4254-7
00:29:16.610 --> 00:29:19.013
the long period range. OK, so
the.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4300-0
00:29:19.083 --> 00:29:24.674
Famous station 46144614 is in
pazardjik the very first days

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4300-1
00:29:24.674 --> 00:29:29.985
after the event we were
discussing with colleagues. Some

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4300-2
00:29:29.985 --> 00:29:35.949
colleagues argued that this is
natural, but I'm gonna. Can I go

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4300-3
00:29:35.949 --> 00:29:40.143
into the presentation mode
again? Let's see.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4306-0
00:29:41.313 --> 00:29:42.193
Now you can't see it.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4370-0
00:29:42.883 --> 00:29:47.157
OK. So we'll have to live with
that, OK? Some some colleagues

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4370-1
00:29:47.157 --> 00:29:51.156
were stating that this is
natural because the entire area

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4370-2
00:29:51.156 --> 00:29:54.948
is has really severe damages,
but some of us were also

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4370-3
00:29:54.948 --> 00:29:59.084
thinking, no, this is not true,
that this is 7 to 8G in the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4370-4
00:29:59.084 --> 00:30:02.738
short period range. I don't
think this is physically

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4370-5
00:30:02.738 --> 00:30:06.324
possible. And if it ever
happens, I'm not sure even

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4370-6
00:30:06.324 --> 00:30:10.736
though they are, they look like
spikes, they're period range is

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4370-7
00:30:10.736 --> 00:30:12.253
not really that short.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4440-0
00:30:12.813 --> 00:30:17.244
And we were arguing whether this
is a data problem or not. This

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4440-1
00:30:17.244 --> 00:30:21.467
is a picture that I took in the
area and then I noticed this

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4440-2
00:30:21.467 --> 00:30:25.829
building here. That building has
a column damage. I don't have

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4440-3
00:30:25.829 --> 00:30:29.983
that picture, but we advised our
colleagues that offered to

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4440-4
00:30:29.983 --> 00:30:34.068
install a temporary station
around that area. And today it

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4440-5
00:30:34.068 --> 00:30:38.499
was installed. I'm. I'm really
happy that we will find about it

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4440-6
00:30:38.499 --> 00:30:41.823
more. But when I look at the
other earthquakes.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4511-0
00:30:42.173 --> 00:30:46.537
Uh at the station, which we have
performed with Oscar and Abdul,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4511-1
00:30:46.537 --> 00:30:50.633
last on the kayak, we had seen
that there is always some non

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4511-2
00:30:50.633 --> 00:30:54.595
realistic amplifications around
this period range. So some

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4511-3
00:30:54.595 --> 00:30:58.758
colleagues told me that there is
something nonstructural here

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4511-4
00:30:58.758 --> 00:31:02.854
whose period is around that. So
it could be that some people

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4511-5
00:31:02.854 --> 00:31:06.949
said that no, it's not fixed
base. But I checked the base, I

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4511-6
00:31:06.949 --> 00:31:10.911
couldn't find any problems. My
guess even though I'm not a

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4511-7
00:31:10.911 --> 00:31:14.403
structural health monitoring
person and we can ask.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4565-0
00:31:14.543 --> 00:31:18.355
Mad about it further, I see that
one story structure here and I'm

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4565-1
00:31:18.355 --> 00:31:21.879
I'm just thinking if it has a
wider foundation, whether it's

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4565-2
00:31:21.879 --> 00:31:25.518
picking up the response from the
structure or not. So there is

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4565-3
00:31:25.518 --> 00:31:29.157
definitely something wrong there
and we will learn about it in

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4565-4
00:31:29.157 --> 00:31:32.854
the future. So what happened is
I think Alpha first removed it,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4565-5
00:31:32.854 --> 00:31:35.223
but now it's probably in the
system but.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4623-0
00:31:36.323 --> 00:31:40.290
Please be cautious about that
station. OK, so this is the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4623-1
00:31:40.290 --> 00:31:44.599
figure from tricoli. I took this
picture and this is like if I

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4623-2
00:31:44.599 --> 00:31:48.840
write one day a textbook, this
is the photo that I would like

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4623-3
00:31:48.840 --> 00:31:52.738
to place there. It's a left
lateral offset that is right

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4623-4
00:31:52.738 --> 00:31:56.774
here. You can see this is the
true color district and even

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4623-5
00:31:56.774 --> 00:31:57.253
though.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4653-0
00:31:58.483 --> 00:32:01.536
I don't have the exact
measurement right now. Uh

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4653-1
00:32:01.536 --> 00:32:04.901
Mustafa would remember it
better, but I think this is

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4653-2
00:32:04.901 --> 00:32:06.833
about 2 1/2 to 3 meters offset.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4657-0
00:32:07.953 --> 00:32:09.303
OK, now we will go to.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4724-0
00:32:10.613 --> 00:32:14.924
Presentation mode. OK, this is
good, but the amount I will show

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4724-1
00:32:14.924 --> 00:32:18.898
you some of the geotechnical
damages. Please note that I'm

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4724-2
00:32:18.898 --> 00:32:23.007
not a geotechnical earthquake
engineer. Everything here. I'm

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4724-3
00:32:23.007 --> 00:32:27.183
actually also learning in this
process. So photos are from my

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4724-4
00:32:27.183 --> 00:32:31.292
friend and colleague Mustafa
from Hatchet, the university in

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4724-5
00:32:31.292 --> 00:32:35.469
Ankara and this is a structure
that is just tilted because of

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4724-6
00:32:35.469 --> 00:32:38.837
liquefaction. This area is
actually an incredible

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4724-7
00:32:38.837 --> 00:32:40.723
liquefaction zone right now.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4772-0
00:32:41.203 --> 00:32:45.739
Uh, and this is the building
from the side view, so you can

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4772-1
00:32:45.739 --> 00:32:50.200
see that it didn't collapse
traditionally, but it's really

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4772-2
00:32:50.200 --> 00:32:55.039
got overturned significantly and
these are some affects uplifts

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4772-3
00:32:55.039 --> 00:32:59.349
of the foundation, again,
because of liquefaction in the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4772-4
00:32:59.349 --> 00:33:01.693
same area. And this is garbage.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4841-0
00:33:01.773 --> 00:33:06.266
To uh, in other pity that there
is a station near here which is

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4841-1
00:33:06.266 --> 00:33:10.619
not there in the figure because
it's data has a problem. It's

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4841-2
00:33:10.619 --> 00:33:14.761
unfortunately prematurely cut,
so we don't have a stronger

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4841-3
00:33:14.761 --> 00:33:19.325
emotion station there. But soon
our team we will go to the field

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4841-4
00:33:19.325 --> 00:33:23.678
and actually we will install one
or two stations there to get

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4841-5
00:33:23.678 --> 00:33:28.031
data, OK, some full deformations
again from Mustafar, this is

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4841-6
00:33:28.031 --> 00:33:28.663
actually.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4867-0
00:33:30.583 --> 00:33:35.030
Example of whether structures
should be built on fault zones

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4867-1
00:33:35.030 --> 00:33:39.405
or not, and you see that the
deformation really costs their

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4867-2
00:33:39.405 --> 00:33:42.103
damage and the structure right
here.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4896-0
00:33:43.543 --> 00:33:47.608
This is northern. I'm sorry.
Let's go back. This is norda.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4896-1
00:33:47.608 --> 00:33:51.672
This is the northern region
right here. And unfortunately,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4896-2
00:33:51.672 --> 00:33:54.153
there was huge damage in this
area.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4961-0
00:33:55.413 --> 00:33:59.692
Almost. Almost everyone that I
know in Turkey around admit to

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4961-1
00:33:59.692 --> 00:34:03.765
you whose family or relatives
are from northern. They have

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4961-2
00:34:03.765 --> 00:34:07.976
lost somebody. Unfortunately,
during this earthquake. So the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4961-3
00:34:07.976 --> 00:34:12.187
the damage was severe. Look at
the deformations on the road.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4961-4
00:34:12.187 --> 00:34:16.397
This is the road fracture that
coincides with the fault. And

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4961-5
00:34:16.397 --> 00:34:20.539
this is the most nearby station.
You cannot see the Turkish

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4961-6
00:34:20.539 --> 00:34:24.543
earthquake called levels because
the V started this type.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4996-0
00:34:24.633 --> 00:34:29.430
This is not known, but I can
tell you that the ground motions

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4996-1
00:34:29.430 --> 00:34:33.686
are pretty high, but two main
weight packages, maybe 3

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4996-2
00:34:33.686 --> 00:34:38.019
entangled each other, and we
have a PGA around still .8

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/4996-3
00:34:38.019 --> 00:34:39.103
they're point.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5022-0
00:34:39.983 --> 00:34:44.171
75 and we have really high short
periods, spectral accelerations

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5022-1
00:34:44.171 --> 00:34:48.295
that I'm thinking that most of
the structures will fall in this

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5022-2
00:34:48.295 --> 00:34:49.133
in this song.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5095-0
00:34:50.253 --> 00:34:54.694
OK, this structural damage I'm
going to show you an overview. I

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5095-1
00:34:54.694 --> 00:34:58.165
was. I was educated as a
structural engineer, but

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5095-2
00:34:58.165 --> 00:35:02.329
starting with my masters, I've
turned my face towards Earth

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5095-3
00:35:02.329 --> 00:35:06.354
sciences, so I am not a true
structural engineer as I can

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5095-4
00:35:06.354 --> 00:35:10.241
say. I just know it from my
background. So you can find

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5095-5
00:35:10.241 --> 00:35:14.335
details of structural damages in
the Metro, ER, City Port,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5095-6
00:35:14.335 --> 00:35:18.569
Chapter 5 by my colleagues. But
I will give you a very short

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5095-7
00:35:18.569 --> 00:35:20.443
overview. We had very wide.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5168-0
00:35:20.523 --> 00:35:24.929
Spread damage due to this
earthquake and it was really it

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5168-1
00:35:24.929 --> 00:35:29.107
reminded me of the 1999
marmalade events, but this was

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5168-2
00:35:29.107 --> 00:35:33.285
eleven cities involved and in
the zone about a million

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5168-3
00:35:33.285 --> 00:35:37.767
structures. I think this is the
most recent number that is

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5168-4
00:35:37.767 --> 00:35:42.552
announced about 25 to 30% of the
entire structures are greater

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5168-5
00:35:42.552 --> 00:35:47.414
than moderate damage. That means
moderate damage, severe damage

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5168-6
00:35:47.414 --> 00:35:50.833
and collapse and that's really a
big number.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5232-0
00:35:51.693 --> 00:35:56.149
Imagining that in those
buildings we have assume a media

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5232-1
00:35:56.149 --> 00:36:01.153
a mean of five stories at every
story, there are two dwellings,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5232-2
00:36:01.153 --> 00:36:05.609
so it's really a lot of people
are right now homeless in

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5232-3
00:36:05.609 --> 00:36:09.988
temporary shelters, so damage
types are alike. Previous

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5232-4
00:36:09.988 --> 00:36:13.975
failures in Turkey.
Unfortunately, I'm very sad to

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5232-5
00:36:13.975 --> 00:36:18.588
say that, but this time the
impact is much larger. We have

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5232-6
00:36:18.588 --> 00:36:21.403
this common problem of short
story.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5299-0
00:36:21.483 --> 00:36:26.222
And big story. So the the first
the entrance floors in Turkey

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5299-1
00:36:26.222 --> 00:36:30.962
are usually given to places like
galleries like shops. So for

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5299-2
00:36:30.962 --> 00:36:36.007
commercial purposes this code is
really as top story mechanism in

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5299-3
00:36:36.007 --> 00:36:40.747
the first levels, which really
results in failure of columns.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5299-4
00:36:40.747 --> 00:36:45.257
And then after that first story
columns failed, the entire

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5299-5
00:36:45.257 --> 00:36:49.920
structure goes weak. Story is
about the sheer carrying areas

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5299-6
00:36:49.920 --> 00:36:51.373
of one story being.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5368-0
00:36:51.493 --> 00:36:55.147
Definitely less than the
neighboring stories. That's

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5368-1
00:36:55.147 --> 00:36:59.215
another huge problem that
repeats itself in Turkey, and we

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5368-2
00:36:59.215 --> 00:37:03.558
have mostly reinforced concrete
buildings. Reinforced concrete

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5368-3
00:37:03.558 --> 00:37:07.971
has its advantages only if you
can construct it carefully. I am

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5368-4
00:37:07.971 --> 00:37:12.314
sure most structures are looking
fine on paper, but then their

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5368-5
00:37:12.314 --> 00:37:16.658
detailing is very important and
the detailing issues are there

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5368-6
00:37:16.658 --> 00:37:20.794
and the structures which have
failed or severely damaged, a

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5368-7
00:37:20.794 --> 00:37:22.863
low concrete strength problem.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5441-0
00:37:22.933 --> 00:37:27.442
Is really persisting in Turkey.
Unfortunately this was the same

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5441-1
00:37:27.442 --> 00:37:31.881
in one earthquake we had seen
really low values as low as 5 to

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5441-2
00:37:31.881 --> 00:37:35.826
9 megapascals compressive
strengths. It's impossible to

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5441-3
00:37:35.826 --> 00:37:40.195
have an earthquake zones, and we
also have plain or unwrapped

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5441-4
00:37:40.195 --> 00:37:44.493
reinforcement bars in this area,
which mean that the bond is

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5441-5
00:37:44.493 --> 00:37:48.791
really low between reinforcement
steel and concrete material

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5441-6
00:37:48.791 --> 00:37:52.173
itself. So these are some
pictures that I took.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5474-0
00:37:53.053 --> 00:37:56.926
During the trip in March and
early March from Marash

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5474-1
00:37:56.926 --> 00:38:00.799
Pazardjik, this is the very
close to the problematic

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5474-2
00:38:00.799 --> 00:38:03.723
station, about 500 meters to the
north.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5547-0
00:38:04.703 --> 00:38:08.421
Of that station and we had an
entire collapse here. That's

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5547-1
00:38:08.421 --> 00:38:12.517
hard to save on the type of the
structure. I'm sure my colleague

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5547-2
00:38:12.517 --> 00:38:16.487
and friend all too could tell
that it's it looks like a hybrid

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5547-3
00:38:16.487 --> 00:38:20.520
structure to me. I can only see
the roof. The reason I place it

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5547-4
00:38:20.520 --> 00:38:24.680
here is that when people tell me
it's about the source effects or

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5547-5
00:38:24.680 --> 00:38:28.335
side effects, of course, I
believe that the source inside

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5547-6
00:38:28.335 --> 00:38:32.242
is really important. But when
you look at that, when you look

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5547-7
00:38:32.242 --> 00:38:35.393
at the just structure, the
neighboring structure.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5635-0
00:38:35.523 --> 00:38:39.610
It's really intact and it's it's
it doesn't have dominant cracks.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5635-1
00:38:39.610 --> 00:38:43.078
It doesn't have really something
that's visible to dry.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5635-2
00:38:43.078 --> 00:38:46.733
Everything is emptied in this
region, but whenever someone

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5635-3
00:38:46.733 --> 00:38:50.387
says it's the wave field, I
always step back and think. Or

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5635-4
00:38:50.387 --> 00:38:54.288
is it? Or is it the detailing?
This is another structure. It's

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5635-5
00:38:54.288 --> 00:38:58.128
reinforced concrete structure. I
remember looking at this one

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5635-6
00:38:58.128 --> 00:39:01.411
closely. Again, neighboring
structures are standing,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5635-7
00:39:01.411 --> 00:39:05.003
probably with some damage. This
is pazardjik. And this is

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5635-8
00:39:05.003 --> 00:39:06.923
actually closer to the station.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5653-0
00:39:08.653 --> 00:39:12.637
This is again our project site
tricolor. Now we have mood right

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5653-1
00:39:12.637 --> 00:39:13.633
here on the map.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5694-0
00:39:14.893 --> 00:39:19.314
This is a mask. There are not
uh, much damages in the other

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5694-1
00:39:19.314 --> 00:39:23.956
members, but look at the main
areas. Both of them have failed.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5694-2
00:39:23.956 --> 00:39:28.303
I always see it as a long period
enhancement and this is a

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5694-3
00:39:28.303 --> 00:39:32.503
supposedly reinforced concrete
frame structure which is.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5707-0
00:39:32.583 --> 00:39:37.076
Yeah. What do you call a pancake
type collapse where the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5707-1
00:39:37.076 --> 00:39:38.653
vertically oriented?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5755-0
00:39:39.373 --> 00:39:43.622
Sheer carrying members, columns
or walls. Actually they fail

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5755-1
00:39:43.622 --> 00:39:47.662
prematurely and I think because
of some search and rescue

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5755-2
00:39:47.662 --> 00:39:51.493
operations the collapse looks
even even worse than its

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5755-3
00:39:51.493 --> 00:39:55.742
original situation. OK, this is
the building in two color. I

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5755-4
00:39:55.742 --> 00:39:59.713
placed it here. It's another
textbook figure we see the.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5818-0
00:40:00.093 --> 00:40:04.832
Umm actually extracted Shia
cracks. There are some column

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5818-1
00:40:04.832 --> 00:40:10.226
damages but it is sending it has
at least reached the life safety

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5818-2
00:40:10.226 --> 00:40:15.538
or collapse prevention limit and
the last one that I really made

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5818-3
00:40:15.538 --> 00:40:20.114
it really big to cover
everything back there. These are

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5818-4
00:40:20.114 --> 00:40:25.426
the buildings that belong to the
state officials. There is a big

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5818-5
00:40:25.426 --> 00:40:30.003
prison in this area and these
are actually the housing.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5849-0
00:40:30.253 --> 00:40:33.857
For people who work at the
prison and we couldn't see

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5849-1
00:40:33.857 --> 00:40:37.796
anything in this buildings, we
couldn't see really any any

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5849-2
00:40:37.796 --> 00:40:41.601
visible damage in these
structures. And remember this is

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5849-3
00:40:41.601 --> 00:40:43.203
very close to this area.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5896-0
00:40:43.883 --> 00:40:47.947
Entire through color is only a
few kilometers in the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5896-1
00:40:47.947 --> 00:40:52.854
longitudinal direction. OK, so
this is the true called station.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5896-2
00:40:52.854 --> 00:40:56.918
The ground motions I'm showing
you. We are above the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5896-3
00:40:56.918 --> 00:41:01.443
residential level ground motion
design design Spectra but.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5970-0
00:41:02.423 --> 00:41:06.663
There's a lot of factors safety
in these structures in the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5970-1
00:41:06.663 --> 00:41:11.190
construction and if you do it
right, things do not really fail

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5970-2
00:41:11.190 --> 00:41:15.502
even after that ground motion
levels. OK, let's look at the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5970-3
00:41:15.502 --> 00:41:19.886
structural damage in the Hotai
area in the Antakya area. I'm

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5970-4
00:41:19.886 --> 00:41:24.413
sure you have heard about this
area before and probably before

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5970-5
00:41:24.413 --> 00:41:28.725
the reject. This is the old
Antioch. This is one of the big

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/5970-6
00:41:28.725 --> 00:41:33.253
losses, in my opinion, because
this was such a beautiful city.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6041-0
00:41:33.423 --> 00:41:37.813
Of peace, I would say the people
from different religions and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6041-1
00:41:37.813 --> 00:41:42.415
different backgrounds. This was
really a symbol of peace for all

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6041-2
00:41:42.415 --> 00:41:46.239
of us here in Turkey and
unfortunately Untuk has been

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6041-3
00:41:46.239 --> 00:41:50.841
collapsed multiple times in the
history and this is probably the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6041-4
00:41:50.841 --> 00:41:55.090
six or seven time and this
three. So let's look at the this

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6041-5
00:41:55.090 --> 00:41:59.338
is where we are. Please note
that now we are looking at the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6041-6
00:41:59.338 --> 00:42:03.233
stations closely. I prepared
this morning to show you.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6056-0
00:42:03.433 --> 00:42:06.695
These are the extreme ground
motions stations and this is the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6056-1
00:42:06.695 --> 00:42:07.643
central and Tokyo.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6078-0
00:42:09.503 --> 00:42:14.460
Uh, we are in this pink street.
I am thanking my colleague and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6078-1
00:42:14.460 --> 00:42:18.473
my very good friend. All too, I
believe from METU.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6148-0
00:42:18.833 --> 00:42:22.784
Uh for the photos because I
couldn't go to hatai yet we will

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6148-1
00:42:22.784 --> 00:42:26.865
go to hatyai in April, but he
has given me his pictures on the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6148-2
00:42:26.865 --> 00:42:30.752
failed. This structure had
failed completely icy reinforced

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6148-3
00:42:30.752 --> 00:42:34.703
concrete elements here and I'm
sure there is some search and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6148-4
00:42:34.703 --> 00:42:38.849
rescue operation went here. Look
at the structure there. I look

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6148-5
00:42:38.849 --> 00:42:42.865
at the high rise structure here.
I can see some damages but I

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6148-6
00:42:42.865 --> 00:42:46.169
wouldn't call them sphere
damages. This probably a

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6148-7
00:42:46.169 --> 00:42:47.983
moderately damaged building.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6156-0
00:42:49.243 --> 00:42:52.563
Understanding for this one and
this is.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6247-0
00:42:53.533 --> 00:42:57.775
Let's go back. This is the same
area, the same thing. Stone. I

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6247-1
00:42:57.775 --> 00:43:02.017
had to call out to today to ask
him what this really is. I can

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6247-2
00:43:02.017 --> 00:43:05.990
see that some stories are lost
here. There's one collapsed

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6247-3
00:43:05.990 --> 00:43:09.896
here. There's overturning.
There's talking because of the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6247-4
00:43:09.896 --> 00:43:14.071
soils, I'm sure. And also we see
a structural failures. And I

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6247-5
00:43:14.071 --> 00:43:18.245
think this structure here at the
corner has pounded with this

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6247-6
00:43:18.245 --> 00:43:22.084
taller one. This is another
problem we have pounding the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6247-7
00:43:22.084 --> 00:43:25.922
fact and structural load
carrying Members are not at the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6247-8
00:43:25.922 --> 00:43:26.663
same level.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6278-0
00:43:26.753 --> 00:43:29.793
With each other, but the
structures do not have enough

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6278-1
00:43:29.793 --> 00:43:32.667
spacing between them, so they
hit each other during

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6278-2
00:43:32.667 --> 00:43:36.149
earthquakes. This is one of the
problems in the Turkish events

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6278-3
00:43:36.149 --> 00:43:36.813
here in the.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6296-0
00:43:37.673 --> 00:43:41.429
Not well engineered structures,
of course, and you can see the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6296-1
00:43:41.429 --> 00:43:42.443
deformation here.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6299-0
00:43:43.743 --> 00:43:45.053
OK, the.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6365-0
00:43:45.823 --> 00:43:51.169
Area that is again close by.
This is another typical textbook

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6365-1
00:43:51.169 --> 00:43:56.171
figure. You can see the shear
cracks, especially near the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6365-2
00:43:56.171 --> 00:44:01.431
staircase box here. This is
another failure type that we see

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6365-3
00:44:01.431 --> 00:44:06.778
very often. I can also see some
interior wall cracks and also

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6365-4
00:44:06.778 --> 00:44:11.521
some structural element
failures. Some of the columns.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6365-5
00:44:11.521 --> 00:44:15.833
OK, this station near 3125 is
actually above the.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6426-0
00:44:15.953 --> 00:44:20.186
Design earthquake levels and
above the credible earthquakes

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6426-1
00:44:20.186 --> 00:44:24.702
at several periods, so these are
really big ground motions. Now

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6426-2
00:44:24.702 --> 00:44:28.723
let's go back to southeast
slightly. We are in this pink

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6426-3
00:44:28.723 --> 00:44:33.027
zone now. We are heading, I
think SE in the in the mountains

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6426-4
00:44:33.027 --> 00:44:37.120
area. We're looking in that
direction. I see a reinforced

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6426-5
00:44:37.120 --> 00:44:41.283
concrete structure. Again,
pancakes. The columns are lost.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6500-0
00:44:42.183 --> 00:44:46.421
Uh, I I can only imagine the
amount of pain there that

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6500-1
00:44:46.421 --> 00:44:51.198
morning and you can see multiple
collapses industry. But then

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6500-2
00:44:51.198 --> 00:44:55.282
look at the buildings right
here. So that's I always

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6500-3
00:44:55.282 --> 00:44:59.905
explained with workmanship
offering force concrete and this

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6500-4
00:44:59.905 --> 00:45:04.605
straight, I know very well from
the past. This is one of the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6500-5
00:45:04.605 --> 00:45:09.382
touristic areas in town, Takia
which shops and all these nice

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6500-6
00:45:09.382 --> 00:45:12.773
places near the archaeological
museum here.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6499-0
00:45:12.093 --> 00:45:12.443
Dear.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6574-0
00:45:13.193 --> 00:45:18.648
And you could see the collapses
on the left and on the right. We

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6574-1
00:45:18.648 --> 00:45:23.348
are intact. OK. This is the
ground motions with a wider

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6574-2
00:45:23.348 --> 00:45:28.719
response. Spectra with multiple
peaks around the one second and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6574-3
00:45:28.719 --> 00:45:33.754
0.5 second periods. Now I will
wrap up in 4 minutes. I must

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6574-4
00:45:33.754 --> 00:45:39.042
wrap up in 4 minutes. I think
so. Implications for feature are

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6574-5
00:45:39.042 --> 00:45:42.483
seismic hazard. Map has been
updated in.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6652-0
00:45:42.963 --> 00:45:47.183
Tool 2018. It's the PSA based
map. Before that it was always

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6652-1
00:45:47.183 --> 00:45:51.126
deterministic envelope type
Spectra. This is the map for

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6652-2
00:45:51.126 --> 00:45:54.862
engineering rock conditions and
then we multiply with

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6652-3
00:45:54.862 --> 00:45:59.151
amplification factors in the
code. Multi segment ruptures are

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6652-4
00:45:59.151 --> 00:46:03.579
not considered as I told you. So
we will have to overthink over

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6652-5
00:46:03.579 --> 00:46:07.868
sources and scenarios in the
feature, but you could tell just

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6652-6
00:46:07.868 --> 00:46:11.881
by looking at it how it follows
the fault zones in Turkey

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6652-7
00:46:11.881 --> 00:46:12.573
obviously.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6696-0
00:46:12.973 --> 00:46:17.377
OK, I am part of the ground
motion chapter of the Turkish

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6696-1
00:46:17.377 --> 00:46:22.236
design code and we will have to
think about long periods. Do we

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6696-2
00:46:22.236 --> 00:46:26.716
do we change the shape? I know
ASC has been now a multiple

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6696-3
00:46:26.716 --> 00:46:30.893
period Spectra. Are we going to
include basin effects?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6760-0
00:46:31.903 --> 00:46:35.620
Do we know our patients to
characterize their uh

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6760-1
00:46:35.620 --> 00:46:40.096
amplifications accurately? I'm
not sure about that. Are we

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6760-2
00:46:40.096 --> 00:46:44.268
going to have near fold
amplifications are we going to

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6760-3
00:46:44.268 --> 00:46:48.744
work on the site amplifications
again, these are just some

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6760-4
00:46:48.744 --> 00:46:53.599
questions that have come to my
mind. Liquefaction is handled by

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6760-5
00:46:53.599 --> 00:46:57.165
site response analysis, not
using generic soil

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6760-6
00:46:57.165 --> 00:47:01.793
amplifications. We will have to
rethink of that definitions.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6834-0
00:47:01.943 --> 00:47:05.846
And what we have right now is
these are this is our spectrum

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6834-1
00:47:05.846 --> 00:47:09.429
shape and we obtain the
amplitudes from the map, but we

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6834-2
00:47:09.429 --> 00:47:12.820
will have to think about the
special cases given the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6834-3
00:47:12.820 --> 00:47:16.852
earthquake grammar school levels
exceeding the Spectra. Again,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6834-4
00:47:16.852 --> 00:47:20.947
I'm not one of those people who
want to change the shape or the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6834-5
00:47:20.947 --> 00:47:24.978
values after every event. And
this is an extreme event. And we

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6834-6
00:47:24.978 --> 00:47:28.625
have seen the structures that
are well designed and well

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6834-7
00:47:28.625 --> 00:47:31.953
constructed standing. So these
are all discussions.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6884-0
00:47:32.033 --> 00:47:36.664
That I wanted to share with you.
OK. So the summary is we had two

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6884-1
00:47:36.664 --> 00:47:40.875
consecutive events with very
long Raptors that created high

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6884-2
00:47:40.875 --> 00:47:44.874
ground motions. We had high PGD
values. Overall. We have

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6884-3
00:47:44.874 --> 00:47:49.015
directivity pulses near hatai.
We have seen a long periods

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6884-4
00:47:49.015 --> 00:47:52.243
enhancement and a broadband
response Spectra.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6947-0
00:47:53.233 --> 00:47:57.924
I think these earthquakes were
very particular in the sense

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6947-1
00:47:57.924 --> 00:48:02.303
that they were consecutive force
vibration tests on the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6947-2
00:48:02.303 --> 00:48:07.229
structures. Unfortunately, in
civil engineering your tests are

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6947-3
00:48:07.229 --> 00:48:12.077
done in the field by natural
natural hazards and we know that

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6947-4
00:48:12.077 --> 00:48:16.925
the already weak constructures
they already not well detailed

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6947-5
00:48:16.925 --> 00:48:21.929
structures they have to undergo
multiple earthquakes, including

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/6947-6
00:48:21.929 --> 00:48:23.493
the big aftershocks.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7030-0
00:48:23.593 --> 00:48:27.901
In less than hours, let's say,
and we know that approximately

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7030-1
00:48:27.901 --> 00:48:32.139
20 to 30% of structures are
greater than moderate, heavy and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7030-2
00:48:32.139 --> 00:48:36.516
collapsed levels, we will have
to examine the event in detail.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7030-3
00:48:36.516 --> 00:48:40.894
My colleagues, I think we will
have to understand what's going

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7030-4
00:48:40.894 --> 00:48:44.646
on because in the other
earthquakes, we always have a

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7030-5
00:48:44.646 --> 00:48:48.676
good picture in mind. When I
think about the sources, the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7030-6
00:48:48.676 --> 00:48:52.984
side effects, the buildings,
there is a good map in your mind

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7030-7
00:48:52.984 --> 00:48:54.443
about the earthquake.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7112-0
00:48:54.523 --> 00:48:58.498
This is such a wide area that
even after 2 field trips, I

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7112-1
00:48:58.498 --> 00:49:02.952
think I'm not there yet. I'm I'm
still thinking and I'm sure all

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7112-2
00:49:02.952 --> 00:49:07.201
my colleagues are in similar
situations, so I will talk about

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7112-3
00:49:07.201 --> 00:49:11.176
a memory effect. I believe this
very well for Turkey, for

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7112-4
00:49:11.176 --> 00:49:15.494
regions in Turkey and I'll give
you an example. I think if any

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7112-5
00:49:15.494 --> 00:49:19.606
region did not experience any
event in the same generation,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7112-6
00:49:19.606 --> 00:49:23.718
I'm not saying an instrumental
era hotel. I never had it in

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7112-7
00:49:23.718 --> 00:49:24.883
instrumental era.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7135-0
00:49:24.973 --> 00:49:28.741
Doesn't tip, never did Marash
never did, but I I I'm talking

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7135-1
00:49:28.741 --> 00:49:32.077
about it generation in a humans
life. If they haven't

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7135-2
00:49:32.077 --> 00:49:33.683
experienced any collapses.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7211-0
00:49:34.843 --> 00:49:39.023
There is less awareness about
the consequences in another. In

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7211-1
00:49:39.023 --> 00:49:42.934
2010, we had really bad damage,
but after 10 years in the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7211-2
00:49:42.934 --> 00:49:46.912
earthquake that was to the
South, we had much less damages

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7211-3
00:49:46.912 --> 00:49:51.025
in the urban areas in the rural,
yes, there were problematic

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7211-4
00:49:51.025 --> 00:49:55.273
villages and small towns, but
this always tells me this memory

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7211-5
00:49:55.273 --> 00:49:58.846
is important. We have to raise
that awareness in the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7211-6
00:49:58.846 --> 00:50:02.757
construction sector. So our
fault map hazard map code our

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7211-7
00:50:02.757 --> 00:50:04.173
all recently updated.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7291-0
00:50:04.363 --> 00:50:08.823
So we have to talk about what is
to be updated or whether we need

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7291-1
00:50:08.823 --> 00:50:13.215
updates and what are they. When
I think about relocations of the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7291-2
00:50:13.215 --> 00:50:17.607
cities, some of them are already
being moved here and there. But

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7291-3
00:50:17.607 --> 00:50:21.797
I always remember the case of
ours and John, which was in the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7291-4
00:50:21.797 --> 00:50:26.121
South in 1939, that was a very
major event in eastern Turkey on

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7291-5
00:50:26.121 --> 00:50:30.108
the eastern part of northern
Italy, 4th zone. They carried

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7291-6
00:50:30.108 --> 00:50:34.163
the city to the north just
through run away from the basin.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7369-0
00:50:34.273 --> 00:50:38.671
To go closer to the mountain.
But there was the fault itself,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7369-1
00:50:38.671 --> 00:50:43.070
and after 50 years in 1992, we
had lost again 1000 people, so

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7369-2
00:50:43.070 --> 00:50:47.610
relocation is not simple. It has
to be told really carefully. I

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7369-3
00:50:47.610 --> 00:50:51.866
think we need to brainstorm size
and local decision making.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7369-4
00:50:51.866 --> 00:50:56.478
That's very important. Otherwise
all these efforts are really go

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7369-5
00:50:56.478 --> 00:51:00.309
to way in and we will keep
losing people. That really

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7369-6
00:51:00.309 --> 00:51:04.281
saddens me very much and code
enforcement, construction

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7369-7
00:51:04.281 --> 00:51:05.133
supervision.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7373-0
00:51:05.193 --> 00:51:06.603
I think these are key.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7434-0
00:51:07.413 --> 00:51:12.166
And I think these are necessary
for small scale construction

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7434-1
00:51:12.166 --> 00:51:16.997
sector. I I I'm not sure whether
you have heard about it, but

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7434-2
00:51:16.997 --> 00:51:21.127
there are multiple global
constructions performed by

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7434-3
00:51:21.127 --> 00:51:25.880
Turkish engineering companies
and they are bridges, they are

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7434-4
00:51:25.880 --> 00:51:30.321
tall structures, they are
anything you can imagine. They

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7434-5
00:51:30.321 --> 00:51:35.386
are water retaining structures,
roads, transportation facilities

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7434-6
00:51:35.386 --> 00:51:37.023
and they do not fail.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7504-0
00:51:37.283 --> 00:51:41.353
So there's something wrong,
definitely in the construction,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7504-1
00:51:41.353 --> 00:51:45.762
supervision and code enforcement
for the residential structures,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7504-2
00:51:45.762 --> 00:51:49.697
our bridges. They're standing
up, thank God. And they are

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7504-3
00:51:49.697 --> 00:51:53.970
fine. Our industrial facilities.
Some of them had no problems.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7504-4
00:51:53.970 --> 00:51:57.634
Some of them had really severe
damages, prefabricated

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7504-5
00:51:57.634 --> 00:52:01.840
structures. But it looks like
the major problem is really the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7504-6
00:52:01.840 --> 00:52:05.842
small construction companies and
their actually contractor

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7504-7
00:52:05.842 --> 00:52:08.013
companies and their supervision.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7581-0
00:52:08.113 --> 00:52:12.079
Problem that is my, of course
personal opinion, so here is my

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7581-1
00:52:12.079 --> 00:52:15.982
contact and some links to the
reports. This is the Metro ERC

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7581-2
00:52:15.982 --> 00:52:19.820
report for the expanded version
of the strong ground motion

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7581-3
00:52:19.820 --> 00:52:23.915
chapter. This is the link at the
metru ERC and we had a Turkey,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7581-4
00:52:23.915 --> 00:52:27.945
earthquake reconnaissance and
research alliance actually owned

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7581-5
00:52:27.945 --> 00:52:32.103
that. Chetin had given a lot of
effort in that and he has done a

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7581-6
00:52:32.103 --> 00:52:35.878
fantastic job and gathering
people together. This is a 400

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7581-7
00:52:35.878 --> 00:52:39.333
page report. I haven't finished
reading it myself so.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7601-0
00:52:39.533 --> 00:52:45.216
You can find more information in
this reports UM. I think I'm

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7601-1
00:52:45.216 --> 00:52:48.333
done and we can get to
questions.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7621-0
00:52:52.353 --> 00:52:56.763
Am I on time, Allen? Am I a
good? OK, thanks.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7635-0
00:52:54.123 --> 00:52:58.242
Yeah, it looks good. Thank you.
Nice cycle. So anyone has

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7635-1
00:52:58.242 --> 00:53:01.793
question please put up your hand
raise your hand.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7672-0
00:53:02.773 --> 00:53:06.152
See almost about 30 minutes ago,
Jamie asked a question Jamie

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7672-1
00:53:06.152 --> 00:53:09.586
Steidel asked in the chat. But I
didn't want to interrupt you.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7672-2
00:53:09.586 --> 00:53:12.965
Can you describe the baseline
correction that was done on the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7672-3
00:53:12.965 --> 00:53:13.783
raw a FAD data?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7696-0
00:53:14.373 --> 00:53:19.010
OK. Jamie, I I didn't read your
question, Jamie. They are doing

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7696-1
00:53:19.010 --> 00:53:22.706
it with a higher order
polynomial. We have been in

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7696-2
00:53:22.706 --> 00:53:24.083
meetings with them.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7764-0
00:53:25.123 --> 00:53:30.075
Alphabet has actually been not
performing it itself, but it

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7764-1
00:53:30.075 --> 00:53:35.027
probably it probably has an
agreement with some engineering

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7764-2
00:53:35.027 --> 00:53:39.896
seismologists group they are
doing the baseline correction

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7764-3
00:53:39.896 --> 00:53:45.178
for Alphabet. What they can tell
us, what we could learn so far

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7764-4
00:53:45.178 --> 00:53:50.378
as they are somehow correcting
based on velocity. But I cannot

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7764-5
00:53:50.378 --> 00:53:54.670
tell how the displacements, how
the offsets and the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7764-6
00:53:54.670 --> 00:53:55.743
displacement.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7799-0
00:53:55.843 --> 00:53:59.623
Our last I think that is your
question. So I don't know how

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7799-1
00:53:59.623 --> 00:54:03.466
that is done myself. I've been
asking the same question, but

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7799-2
00:54:03.466 --> 00:54:07.057
what we have been doing is
Jamie, we have been using the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7799-3
00:54:07.057 --> 00:54:10.333
mini seats and trying to convert
them recently, so.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7836-0
00:54:11.633 --> 00:54:14.929
That is the major question,
right? I I think they're using

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7836-1
00:54:14.929 --> 00:54:18.058
some higher order polynomials,
not only velocity me and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7836-2
00:54:18.058 --> 00:54:21.076
removals, but I honestly don't
know. I don't think my

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7836-3
00:54:21.076 --> 00:54:23.423
colleagues there are doing it
themselves.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7861-0
00:54:24.613 --> 00:54:30.270
Yeah, it it mentions in the
files that it uses Roberto

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7847-0
00:54:28.123 --> 00:54:28.583
Yeah.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7870-0
00:54:30.253 --> 00:54:34.441
No, it doesn't. I don't think it
does. I don't think it does use

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7861-1
00:54:30.270 --> 00:54:32.533
Palucci's. It doesn't.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7879-0
00:54:34.403 --> 00:54:37.433
OK. Interesting. Yeah, so.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7870-1
00:54:34.441 --> 00:54:34.763
that.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7898-0
00:54:35.563 --> 00:54:39.469
Yeah, yeah, because in that one
displacements will will not go

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7898-1
00:54:39.469 --> 00:54:43.003
to zero. That's what I know. I
don't think it uses that.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7946-0
00:54:44.683 --> 00:54:48.052
Yes, that's well, I don't, I
don't think it's a full full

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7946-1
00:54:48.052 --> 00:54:51.769
process. I think it looks like
they may have removed a mean and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7946-2
00:54:51.769 --> 00:54:55.487
that that's it, but it doesn't
say whether they removed the pre

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7946-3
00:54:55.487 --> 00:54:59.146
event mean or the mean of the
whole record or so. It's hard to

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7946-4
00:54:59.146 --> 00:55:00.773
know what's been done. Yeah.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7958-0
00:54:59.373 --> 00:55:03.150
I couldn't understand it either.
That's why we are now using the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7953-0
00:55:01.703 --> 00:55:02.023
Yeah.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7958-1
00:55:03.150 --> 00:55:03.673
row ones.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7981-0
00:55:04.433 --> 00:55:10.001
So I I was just also noticing in
your if you wanna if you could

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7981-1
00:55:10.001 --> 00:55:14.003
pull up that 4614 station image
that you had.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7978-0
00:55:12.753 --> 00:55:13.003
Yes.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7996-0
00:55:15.533 --> 00:55:18.554
I had some thoughts about why
you might be seeing the motions

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/7996-1
00:55:18.554 --> 00:55:19.773
that you're seeing there.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8014-0
00:55:20.813 --> 00:55:23.935
It looks to me like you have a
little diaphragm. That's some

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8014-1
00:55:23.935 --> 00:55:25.573
heavy. Batteries are sitting on.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8022-0
00:55:26.413 --> 00:55:28.323
Yes, and you?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8034-0
00:55:27.623 --> 00:55:32.358
And they have this very short
legs but but that looks like

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8034-1
00:55:32.358 --> 00:55:33.963
it's that in itself.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8089-0
00:55:35.743 --> 00:55:39.421
Yeah, it's uh, so to the right
of this that that the data

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8042-0
00:55:36.513 --> 00:55:37.333
This one right?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8089-1
00:55:39.421 --> 00:55:43.162
logger is up above on the shelf.
The sensor is down on the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8052-0
00:55:39.733 --> 00:55:40.233
This one.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8062-0
00:55:41.403 --> 00:55:42.983
OK, OK.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8089-2
00:55:43.162 --> 00:55:47.221
isolated pad and to the right of
the sensor are these two heavy

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8089-3
00:55:47.221 --> 00:55:51.279
batteries that are sitting on a
little diaphragm basically that

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8083-0
00:55:50.473 --> 00:55:50.863
Umm.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8089-4
00:55:51.279 --> 00:55:53.753
that potentially could be
oscillating.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8124-0
00:55:54.983 --> 00:55:57.824
You know when the ground is
shaking that so that's one

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8103-0
00:55:57.823 --> 00:55:58.553
OK.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8124-1
00:55:57.824 --> 00:56:00.665
thought for for what might be
affecting, because those

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8110-0
00:56:00.053 --> 00:56:00.463
OK.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8124-2
00:56:00.665 --> 00:56:03.609
batteries probably weigh over
100 pounds or close to 100

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8122-0
00:56:02.543 --> 00:56:03.913
Yeah, yeah.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8124-3
00:56:03.609 --> 00:56:04.333
pounds anyway.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8212-0
00:56:04.853 --> 00:56:08.847
Jamie, my my friend and
colleague too, by from Afat he

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8212-1
00:56:08.847 --> 00:56:13.494
made this same same observation,
but I told him that we see the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8212-2
00:56:13.494 --> 00:56:18.142
same same spikes even in MW 3.5
events. Do you think that would

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8212-3
00:56:18.142 --> 00:56:22.208
shake that enough? So I'm not
sure. He he made the same

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8212-4
00:56:22.208 --> 00:56:26.711
comment. So that could be it.
Now we will understand what the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8212-5
00:56:26.711 --> 00:56:30.995
problem is. So today they just
installed it but you may be

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8212-6
00:56:30.995 --> 00:56:33.973
right. I will let you know once
I learn.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8208-0
00:56:32.713 --> 00:56:33.493
Well, yeah, that's the.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8244-0
00:56:34.253 --> 00:56:37.138
Yeah, that's The thing is that
it's gonna oscillate at any

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8244-1
00:56:37.138 --> 00:56:40.170
excitation level pretty much.
It's just gonna be much smaller

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8244-2
00:56:40.170 --> 00:56:43.203
at for the smaller event. So you
probably would still see it.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8251-0
00:56:44.053 --> 00:56:45.523
Yeah. OK.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8261-0
00:56:45.103 --> 00:56:48.036
Across all events is my guess,
and you know, except for

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8261-1
00:56:48.036 --> 00:56:49.713
something that you know doesn't.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8281-0
00:56:51.313 --> 00:56:55.701
That's really, really small. But
even a three would probably if

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8276-0
00:56:54.893 --> 00:56:55.423
OK.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8281-1
00:56:55.701 --> 00:56:57.073
it's close, so yeah.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8339-0
00:56:56.713 --> 00:57:01.057
OK. Thank you. That's a good
one. Thank you. Jamie, about the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8289-0
00:56:58.463 --> 00:56:59.343
Thanks. Great talk.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8339-1
00:57:01.057 --> 00:57:05.050
process. If I learn further,
good to see you. If I learn

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8299-0
00:57:01.483 --> 00:57:02.113
Nice to see you.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8339-2
00:57:05.050 --> 00:57:09.604
further, I will actually have a
meeting with the with the people

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8339-3
00:57:09.604 --> 00:57:13.948
who have done the processing,
who have done the coding of the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8339-4
00:57:13.948 --> 00:57:17.942
processing, the automated
processing. If I learn more, I

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8339-5
00:57:17.942 --> 00:57:19.203
will let you know.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8350-0
00:57:20.623 --> 00:57:23.693
But so far it's still a black
box for me as well.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8356-0
00:57:24.163 --> 00:57:25.653
Yeah. OK. Thanks.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8359-0
00:57:25.163 --> 00:57:26.533
OK. Thank you.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8364-0
00:57:28.603 --> 00:57:29.913
A minute you have a question?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8368-0
00:57:36.803 --> 00:57:37.963
Then it you there.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8378-0
00:57:41.233 --> 00:57:43.023
I don't hear him. Is he writing?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8395-0
00:57:42.253 --> 00:57:46.069
Sorry about my mic. Thank you,
Aisha. You'll, that was

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8395-1
00:57:46.069 --> 00:57:49.123
fantastic. I've learned more
about it than.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8392-0
00:57:47.353 --> 00:57:48.023
Thank you.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8408-0
00:57:49.873 --> 00:57:54.267
Then my trip actually. But
anyway I have a 3 short

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8408-1
00:57:54.267 --> 00:57:55.043
comments.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8427-0
00:57:57.863 --> 00:58:02.783
I you know, I'm a bit surprised
about the 9 to 10 second periods

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8427-1
00:58:02.783 --> 00:58:03.843
that you show.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8440-0
00:58:04.613 --> 00:58:09.842
Ohh are they? How far are they
from? The epicenter goes

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8440-1
00:58:09.842 --> 00:58:10.683
stations.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8444-0
00:58:11.643 --> 00:58:12.293
And.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8450-0
00:58:11.673 --> 00:58:13.583
Umm, let's take a look.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8493-0
00:58:13.203 --> 00:58:17.323
And the reason why I'm saying
this is that I think the tallest

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8493-1
00:58:17.323 --> 00:58:21.247
building in the whole area is
about 30 stories. The tallest

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8493-2
00:58:21.247 --> 00:58:24.975
buildings. And those are in
Gaziantep and they are still

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8493-3
00:58:24.975 --> 00:58:28.965
structures which surprise me
actually. So OK, they certainly

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8493-4
00:58:28.965 --> 00:58:30.993
did not affect those buildings.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8516-0
00:58:31.963 --> 00:58:36.107
Uh, and let's see, I think
that's one of them. Now, with

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8516-1
00:58:36.107 --> 00:58:38.943
respect to what the Jamie
brought out.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8534-0
00:58:39.643 --> 00:58:44.155
I think that one story building
wouldn't really influence the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8534-1
00:58:44.155 --> 00:58:46.193
ground motion there because.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8559-0
00:58:46.873 --> 00:58:52.112
Uh Jordan Amber rule is that you
can put it into a inside a one

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8559-1
00:58:52.112 --> 00:58:56.123
to two-story building more or
less is a 3:00 PM.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8573-0
00:58:57.703 --> 00:59:00.223
OK. So you think it's not, it's
not affecting that.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8566-0
00:58:58.103 --> 00:58:58.503
The.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8578-0
00:59:00.603 --> 00:59:01.703
I don't think so. Yeah.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8582-0
00:59:02.053 --> 00:59:02.663
OK.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8595-0
00:59:02.453 --> 00:59:06.873
So my third comment is anything
elegant is a really interesting.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8612-0
00:59:06.953 --> 00:59:13.678
The example, apparently since
2010. I in case you don't know

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8612-1
00:59:13.678 --> 00:59:15.773
me, maybe you know.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8631-0
00:59:16.453 --> 00:59:22.319
That, uh, there's a gentleman's,
uh teaching in in the university

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8631-1
00:59:22.319 --> 00:59:27.563
over there, he has a pressured
the municipality been idea?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8633-0
00:59:27.983 --> 00:59:28.413
Umm.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8640-0
00:59:28.743 --> 00:59:30.593
And the and forced the.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8650-0
00:59:32.713 --> 00:59:38.623
Uh, it's spelt it to force the
new buildings.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8677-0
00:59:39.643 --> 00:59:45.483
Uh since 2010, 2011, 2012 period
12. A lot more Sherry walls

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8677-1
00:59:45.483 --> 00:59:49.313
shear walls than what they are
used to.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8704-0
00:59:50.323 --> 00:59:55.856
And is a success story to this
and which I now have some of the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8680-0
00:59:50.673 --> 00:59:51.003
Mm-hmm.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8704-1
00:59:55.856 --> 01:00:00.351
information, some more
information. I just got this

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8704-2
01:00:00.351 --> 01:00:01.043
morning.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8740-0
01:00:01.703 --> 01:00:05.649
Uh, they have not those
buildings that have used the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8740-1
01:00:05.649 --> 01:00:09.894
shear walls. They have not
suffered any damage at all in

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8740-2
01:00:09.894 --> 01:00:14.660
Elizabeth in this shortcake as
well as in the earthquake, about

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8728-0
01:00:11.963 --> 01:00:12.283
Yes.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8740-3
01:00:14.660 --> 01:00:16.373
four or five years ago.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8743-0
01:00:17.073 --> 01:00:17.713
Yes.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8772-0
01:00:17.223 --> 01:00:21.211
So that's a success story I
think. But I I would like to see

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8772-1
01:00:21.211 --> 01:00:24.741
if you do not mind making
comments about this 9 to 10

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8772-2
01:00:24.741 --> 01:00:27.683
second, how far are they from
the epicenter?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8813-0
01:00:26.683 --> 01:00:30.832
Yes. No, no. Let's let's go back
and see it, ma'am. Thank you for

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8813-1
01:00:30.832 --> 01:00:34.353
your comments as well. So you
believe in you believe in

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8813-2
01:00:34.353 --> 01:00:37.686
earthquake memory, right? The
memory effect. So it's

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8813-3
01:00:37.686 --> 01:00:41.773
important. OK. Do you mean this
pulse periods? Do you mean this?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8821-0
01:00:41.713 --> 01:00:44.233
Yeah. Yeah, yeah. Yes, yeah.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8839-0
01:00:43.033 --> 01:00:47.660
OK, OK, so this has Arab
distances of 20 kilometers. This

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8839-1
01:00:47.660 --> 01:00:50.373
is near its standard and I
think.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8844-0
01:00:51.623 --> 01:00:52.083
And this.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8849-0
01:00:52.003 --> 01:00:53.753
How many kilometers, 20?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8862-0
01:00:57.693 --> 01:00:58.153
Ohh.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8895-0
01:01:10.003 --> 01:01:10.293
Yeah.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8952-0
01:01:10.413 --> 01:01:14.707
The structures are so so poor
that you don't need this long

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8952-1
01:01:14.707 --> 01:01:19.217
period pulses to fail. I don't
think they. I think they failed

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8952-2
01:01:19.217 --> 01:01:23.726
in the first S arrivals because
there are some videos I didn't

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8952-3
01:01:23.726 --> 01:01:27.949
wanna share them. They they
really look incredible. But we

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8952-4
01:01:27.949 --> 01:01:32.172
didn't like 10 seconds. 12
seconds. Things go down. I mean

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8952-5
01:01:32.172 --> 01:01:34.463
the times three 1210 seconds so.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8972-0
01:01:35.663 --> 01:01:40.519
I don't think those pauses are
the cause of structural damages,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/8972-1
01:01:40.519 --> 01:01:43.403
but they are retrieved from the
this.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9060-0
01:01:44.113 --> 01:01:47.765
Transformation. You know, I
think Jack Baker has this

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9060-1
01:01:47.765 --> 01:01:51.958
rotating way of ground motion
analysis, not in One Direction,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9060-2
01:01:51.958 --> 01:01:55.949
but it searches all directions
and it takes a look at some

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9005-0
01:01:53.883 --> 01:01:54.283
Mm-hmm.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9060-3
01:01:55.949 --> 01:01:59.872
predictive values by machine
learning tools. So these are

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9060-4
01:01:59.872 --> 01:02:04.133
retrieved naturally. But I do
not find them as the major cause

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9060-5
01:02:04.133 --> 01:02:08.461
of damage. It not that high, not
that high periods. But if it's

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9045-0
01:02:07.763 --> 01:02:08.003
No.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9060-6
01:02:08.461 --> 01:02:12.790
one second 1.5 seconds even by
looking at the response Spectra,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9060-7
01:02:12.790 --> 01:02:14.143
I think those peaks.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9085-0
01:02:14.213 --> 01:02:19.368
They're more critical on the
damage in Hotai area. Until OK,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9080-0
01:02:16.983 --> 01:02:18.953
Yes, I agree. Yeah. Thank you.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9085-1
01:02:19.368 --> 01:02:20.213
thank you.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9084-0
01:02:19.643 --> 01:02:20.023
Thank you.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9088-0
01:02:20.783 --> 01:02:21.173
Thank you.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9096-0
01:02:22.513 --> 01:02:24.753
Umm, there is a question in the
chat.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9093-0
01:02:23.273 --> 01:02:23.653
Yeah.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9114-0
01:02:25.233 --> 01:02:28.354
Yeah, go ahead. And after that
we'll finish up because she got

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9101-0
01:02:25.513 --> 01:02:25.933
Uh.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9110-0
01:02:28.013 --> 01:02:28.513
OK.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9114-1
01:02:28.354 --> 01:02:29.643
her question in early, so.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9125-0
01:02:30.323 --> 01:02:32.233
OK, so UMI?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9128-0
01:02:31.443 --> 01:02:34.033
You mentioned the maximum design
criteria.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9132-0
01:02:34.303 --> 01:02:35.443
Yes, yes.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9135-0
01:02:34.803 --> 01:02:36.293
Exceeded so.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9161-0
01:02:36.693 --> 01:02:41.922
Yes, because we never, we never
assumed that large magnitudes

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9144-0
01:02:37.673 --> 01:02:38.183
You can see.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9161-1
01:02:41.922 --> 01:02:47.066
because we never had the multi
rupture events. So that's why

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9161-2
01:02:47.066 --> 01:02:48.163
probably the.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9165-0
01:02:48.623 --> 01:02:50.453
Uh MC is.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9238-0
01:02:51.543 --> 01:02:55.923
All right. The value also also,
uh, the second-half of the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9238-1
01:02:55.923 --> 01:02:59.784
question is my answer. Also I
think additional site

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9238-2
01:02:59.784 --> 01:03:03.868
amplifications and of course
Bayesian effects are very

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9238-3
01:03:03.868 --> 01:03:08.248
important because from my
colleagues who were in hatyai, I

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9238-4
01:03:08.248 --> 01:03:12.852
have heard this multiple times.
I will go there in some weeks

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9238-5
01:03:12.852 --> 01:03:17.529
near the mountain ridges on more
rocky areas things were fine.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9238-6
01:03:17.529 --> 01:03:21.613
They looked all well, but in the
plane there is a mic.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9291-0
01:03:21.683 --> 01:03:27.235
Plane in the in the just center
of Hotai in that basin. Most of

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9291-1
01:03:27.235 --> 01:03:32.354
the structures were demolished
were really collapsed, so I

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9291-2
01:03:32.354 --> 01:03:37.386
think it's a combination of
maximum MW and extra effects,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9291-3
01:03:37.386 --> 01:03:42.071
including sites and basins.
There is another, there's

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9291-4
01:03:42.071 --> 01:03:47.624
another question by Kishore. OK,
OK. They're front frame forced

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9291-5
01:03:47.624 --> 01:03:49.273
concrete types, OK.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9324-0
01:03:50.743 --> 01:03:54.472
OK, so that's a very good
question affect all structural

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9324-1
01:03:54.472 --> 01:03:58.398
types. Well, here's our that's
that's my general answer. In

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9324-2
01:03:58.398 --> 01:04:02.193
Turkey, we have most commonly
reinforced concrete frames.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9370-0
01:04:03.153 --> 01:04:07.366
Without shingles, that's the
most common construction, even

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9370-1
01:04:07.366 --> 01:04:11.790
in earthquake zones. But then we
have also shear walls because

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9370-2
01:04:11.790 --> 01:04:15.512
it's a must in the earthquake
code. And we also have

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9370-3
01:04:15.512 --> 01:04:19.796
mainstream structures that are
usually much older than this.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9370-4
01:04:19.796 --> 01:04:22.043
The general observation is this.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9440-0
01:04:23.813 --> 01:04:28.372
In the beginning it was said
that because the last earthquake

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9440-1
01:04:28.372 --> 01:04:32.858
code was in 2018, new buildings
wouldn't suffer, but some of

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9440-2
01:04:32.858 --> 01:04:37.271
them, I think 5% of the damaged
structures are two to five,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9440-3
01:04:37.271 --> 01:04:41.904
maybe 2% between two and five is
the new structure. So I think

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9440-4
01:04:41.904 --> 01:04:46.537
it's all about detailing whether
you have a chill wall or not,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9440-5
01:04:46.537 --> 01:04:50.509
whether you have a Macy
instructor because in hotai I

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9440-6
01:04:50.509 --> 01:04:53.083
know that I have seen pictures
of.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9469-0
01:04:53.773 --> 01:04:59.279
Buildings that are solid masonry
maybe more than UH-90 years old,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9469-1
01:04:59.279 --> 01:05:04.451
they don't have damages or they
have very minor damages. So I

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9469-2
01:05:04.451 --> 01:05:05.703
agree that the.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9475-0
01:05:06.393 --> 01:05:09.533
Reinforcement detailing matters.
I agree that.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9542-0
01:05:10.933 --> 01:05:14.554
Design might be good on paper
and not so well in the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9542-1
01:05:14.554 --> 01:05:18.654
construction site. I'll say
agree that even you use even if

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9542-2
01:05:18.654 --> 01:05:22.480
you use very old style of
constructions, it's all about

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9542-3
01:05:22.480 --> 01:05:26.648
what you did, what you do on the
site while constructing the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9542-4
01:05:26.648 --> 01:05:30.270
structures and that's why my
last line would be code

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9542-5
01:05:30.270 --> 01:05:34.438
enforcement and construction
supervision, because we have an

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9542-6
01:05:34.438 --> 01:05:38.264
inspection law since the recent
1999 earthquakes, so we

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9542-7
01:05:38.264 --> 01:05:40.383
shouldn't have had any damages.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9618-0
01:05:40.643 --> 01:05:45.089
Uh to those to those buildings,
but we still see this severe

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9618-1
01:05:45.089 --> 01:05:49.608
damages. So I I am thinking it's
always about the details and

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9618-2
01:05:49.608 --> 01:05:53.763
heights, OK, you mean the
pounding effect? Yes, pounding

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9618-3
01:05:53.763 --> 01:05:58.428
was really important. Equivalent
height is not observed in most

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9618-4
01:05:58.428 --> 01:06:01.927
of the districts. So
nonstructural member here,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9618-5
01:06:01.927 --> 01:06:06.228
structural member here, they
kept pounding and they turned

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9618-6
01:06:06.228 --> 01:06:10.383
and they collapsed. I think
that's a fact. But my final.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9649-0
01:06:11.103 --> 01:06:15.388
Reply to this would be Umm, it's
really not the type of the

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9649-1
01:06:15.388 --> 01:06:19.888
structure, but the detailing and
the inspection supervision on

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9649-2
01:06:19.888 --> 01:06:20.603
the field.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9659-0
01:06:22.763 --> 01:06:26.515
Uh, do we have any other
questions? Anything I missed

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9659-1
01:06:26.515 --> 01:06:26.863
even?

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9704-0
01:06:29.803 --> 01:06:32.717
Well, let's let's turn off the
recording now and think I used

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9704-1
01:06:32.717 --> 01:06:35.585
to go again and it looks like
there's a Wayne has a question

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9704-2
01:06:35.585 --> 01:06:38.546
there. We can answer some more
questions in the informal part,

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9696-0
01:06:37.743 --> 01:06:38.243
OK.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9704-3
01:06:38.546 --> 01:06:41.273
but let's give another virtual
applause and thanks again.

d6a7f40d-6331-4a6e-ade1-2ee159481a5d/9708-0
01:06:41.563 --> 01:06:42.503
Thank you very much.