Creep Evidence of Active Faulting
Creep is steady fault movement, varying from continuous to episodic with creep events lasting minutes to days. Generally creep occurs without any associated earthquake activity (i.e., aseismic.) Creep has been monitored on the Hayward fault for forty years (Lienkaemper et al., 2001) and is also observed along some sections of other faults in the San Francisco Bay region, including the San Andreas, Calaveras, Concord-Green Valley and Maacama (Galehouse and Lienkaemper, 2003).
Deep Creep and Earthquakes
How deep does creep go? How can a creeping Hayward fault still produce major earthquakes? The short answer is that the depth of creep varies, from as little 2 miles deep in northern Oakland to as deep as 7 miles near the northern and southern ends of the fault. Unfortunately, this means the lower, brittle fault zone remains largely locked (i.e., it's not creeping), so it's building strain which can only be relieved by major earthquakes, which occur about every 100 to 200 years. The average recurrence time for earthquakes is determined by paleoseismologists, geologists who work in trenches across the faults. They document evidence of paleoearthquakes recorded in sedimentary layers, using radiocarbon analysis to date them.
See Also
- More photos of the Hayward Fault
Includes photos in Fremont, Hayward, Oakland, Berkeley, San Pablo, and Point Pinole regions
- SFSU Creep Project
Current alinement array data
- U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02–225
Data from Theodolite Measurements of Creep Rates on San Francisco Bay Region Faults, California: 1979–2001
- Creepmeters on the Hayward Fault
Creepmeter array and plot of 10 years of creepmeter data
- San Francisco Bay Region Crustal Deformation Measurements
USGS realtime creepmeter data plots
- Geophysical Research Letters v. 28, no. 11
Variations in Creep Rate along the Hayward Fault, California, Interpreted as Changes in Depth of Creep
