SIGNIFICANT EARTHQUAKES OF THE WORLD, 2009
Earthquakes of magnitude 6.5 or greater or ones that caused fatalities, injuries or substantial damage.
BRK--Berkeley. PAS--Pasadena.
DATE ORIGIN TIME GEOGRAPHIC DEPTH MAG SD NO. REGION, ADDITIONAL MAGNITUDES AND COMMENTS
UTC UTC COORDINATES STA
HR MN SEC LAT LONG USED
JAN 03 19 43 50.6 0.414 S 132.885 E 17 G 7.7 1.3 288 NEAR THE NORTH COAST OF PAPUA, INDONESIA. MW 7.7 (GCMT), 7.6
(UCMT), 7.4 (GS). mb 6.6 (GS). MS 7.5 (GS). ME 7.7 (GS). Mo
3.9*10**20 Nm (GCMT), 2.8*10**20 Nm (UCMT), 1.4*10**20 Nm (GS),
1.2*10**20 Nm (PPT). Es 7.2*10**15 Nm (GS). At least four people
killed at Manokwari and one killed at Sorong. At least 250
people injured, 840 buildings damaged and power outages in
western Papua. Felt (VI) at Manokwari and Sorong and (IV) at
Nabire and Ransiki. Also felt on Ambon. A tsunami was recorded
with the following wave heights (peak-to-trough): 78 cm at
Manokwari, 38 cm on Biak and 20 cm at Jayapura, Indonesia; 13.0
cm at Ishigakijima, 10.2 cm at Naha, 30.7 cm at Omaezeki and
30.8 cm at Tosashimizu, Japan; 0.8 cm on Yap, Federated States
of Micronesia; 20.0 cm on Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands; 3.7
cm at Malakal, Palau; 5.2 cm on Wake Island.
JAN 03 20 23 20.1 36.419 N 70.743 E 205 D 6.6 0.9 344 HINDU KUSH REGION, AFGHANISTAN. MW 6.6 (GCMT). mb 5.8 (GS). Mo
9.2*10**18 Nm (GCMT). Felt (IV) at Baghlan, Charikar and Jabal
os Saraj; (III) at Bagrami, Jalalabad, Kabul and Mazar-e Sharif;
(II) at Khowst. Also felt at Asadabad, Asmar, Eshkashem, Konduz,
Mehtar Lam and Sarowbi. Felt (IV) at Peshawar and (III) at
Islamabad and Lahore, Pakistan. Felt (III) at Dushanbe,
Tajikistan. Also felt at Khorugh and Uroteppa. Felt (II) at
Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Also felt at Termiz. Felt at Delhi,
Gurgaon and Pathankot, India; Srinagar, Kashmir; Osh, Kyrgyzstan.
JAN 03 22 33 40.2 0.691 S 133.305 E 23 G 7.4 1.0 314 NEAR THE NORTH COAST OF PAPUA, INDONESIA. MW 7.4 (GCMT), 7.3
(UCMT), 7.2 (GS). mb 6.7 (GS). MS 7.4 (GS). ME 7.5 (GS). Mo
9.2*10**19 Nm (GS), 1.4*10**20 Nm (GCMT), 1.2*10**20 Nm (UCMT),
6.0*10**19 Nm (PPT). Es 3.5*10**15 Nm (GS). Casualties and
damage are included with the event at 19:33 UTC. Felt (VII) at
Manokwari, (VI) at Sorong, (IV) at Nabire and (III) at Biak.
JAN 04 05 10 33.5 36.729 N 22.281 E 10 G 4.3 0.9 65 SOUTHERN GREECE. MW 3.9 (ATH). mb 4.3 (GS). ML 4.1 (THE). One
person killed and one injured by a falling wall at Khora
Gaitson. Felt at Kalamata and Sparta.
JAN 08 19 21 35.6 10.165 N 84.197 W 14 G 6.1 0.9 289 COSTA RICA. MW 6.1 (GS), 6.1 (UCMT), 6.1 (GCMT), 6.0 (WCMT). mb
5.7 (GS). MS 6.0 (GS). ME 6.0 (GS). Mo 1.9*10**18 Nm (GS),
1.8*10**18 Nm (GCMT), 1.5*10**18 Nm (UCMT), 1.3*10**18 Nm
(WCMT), 2.0*10**18 Nm (PPT). Es 2.3*10**13 Nm (GS). At least 23
people killed, 100 injured and 17 missing in central Costa Rica.
Many of the casualties were caused by landslides. A total of 518
houses destroyed or damaged at Barrio Fatima de Heredia, Barrio
Santa Cecilia de Aserri, Cinchona, Dulce Nombre de Alajuela,
Infiernillo, Leon XIII, Los Guido, Poasito, Rio Cuarto, Sabana
Redonda, Santa Rosa de Poas and Vara Blanca. Roads were damaged
in the Cinchona and Vara Blanca areas and bridges were destroyed
or damaged at Los Angeles, Rio Cuarto de Grecia and Bajos del
Toro. Electricity was disrupted in parts of San Jose. Felt (VII)
at Naranjo and (VI) at Alajuela, Asuncion, Cinco Esquinas,
Escazu, Grecia, Heredia, Llorente, Mercedes, Sabanilla, San
Francisco, San Jose, San Josecito, San Juan, San Pablo, San
Rafael, San Vicente and Santa Ana. Felt throughout Costa Rica
and in southern and central Nicaragua.
JAN 15 07 27 20.2 22.352 S 170.635 E 27 G 6.7 1.0 253 SOUTHEAST OF THE LOYALTY ISLANDS. MW 6.7 (UCMT), 6.6 (GCMT), 6.4
(GS). mb 5.8 (GS). MS 6.5 (GS). ME 5.9 (GS). Mo 9.6*10**18 Nm
(GCMT), 4.5*10**18 Nm (GS), 1.4*10**19 Nm (UCMT), 7.3*10**18 Nm
(PPT). Es 1.7*10**13 Nm (GS). Felt at Noumea, New Caledonia.
JAN 15 17 49 39.0 46.857 N 155.154 E 36 G 7.4 0.9 522 EAST OF THE KURIL ISLANDS. MW 7.4 (UCMT), 7.4 (GCMT), 7.3 (GS),
7.4 (WCMT). mb 6.9 (GS). MS 7.5 (GS). ME 7.3 (GS). Mo 1.6*10**20
Nm (UCMT), 1.5*10**20 Nm (GCMT), 1.1*10**20 Nm (GS), 1.6*10**20
Nm (WCMT), 1.8*10**20 Nm (PPT). Es 1.8*10**15 Nm (GS). Felt at
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy. Recorded (2 JMA) in eastern and
southern Hokkaido. Also recorded (2 JMA) in Aomori, Iwate and
Miyagi; (1 JMA) in Akita, Honshu.
JAN 19 03 35 18.8 22.596 S 170.911 E 12 G 6.6 1.2 182 SOUTHEAST OF THE LOYALTY ISLANDS. MW 6.6 (GCMT), 6.5 (UCMT), 6.4
(GS). mb 5.7 (GS). MS 6.4 (GS). ME 6.2 (GS). Mo 8.6*10**18 Nm
(GCMT), 8.3*10**18 Nm (UCMT), 4.8*10**18 Nm (GS). Es 4.3*10**13
Nm (GS).
FEB 11 17 34 50.4 3.886 N 126.387 E 20 G 7.2 1.1 432 KEPULAUAN TALAUD, INDONESIA. MW 7.2 (UCMT), 7.1 (GS), 7.1 (GCMT),
7.1 (WCMT). mb 6.6 (GS). MS 7.3 (GS). ME 7.2 (GS). Mo 6.7*10**19
Nm (UCMT), 5.9*10**19 Nm (GCMT), 5.4*10**19 Nm (GS), 5.0*10**19
Nm (WCMT), 9.1*10**19 Nm (PPT). Es 1.3*10**15 Nm (GS). At least
64 people injured and 597 buildings damaged or destroyed in the
Kepulauan Talaud. Felt (VI) at Lirung. Felt (V) on Pulau Sangihe
and (IV) at Manado, Sulawesi. Felt (III PIVS) at Davao and (II
PIVS) at General Santos, Philippines. Also felt at Mati.
FEB 18 21 53 45.1 27.424 S 176.330 W 25 G 7.0 0.9 353 KERMADEC ISLANDS REGION. MW 7.0 (GCMT), 6.9 (GS), 6.9 (UCMT), 6.9
(WCMT). mb 6.8 (GS). MS 7.2 (GS). ME 7.5 (GS). Mo 3.5*10**19 Nm
(GCMT), 2.8*10**19 Nm (GS), 2.7*10**19 Nm (UCMT), 2.5*10**19 Nm
(WCMT), 5.0*10**19 Nm (PPT). Es 4.3*10**15 Nm (GS). Felt at
Wellington, New Zealand.
FEB 20 03 48 48.5 34.203 N 73.900 E 12 G 5.5 1.0 220 PAKISTAN. MW 5.5 (GCMT), 5.4 (GS). mb 5.5 (GS). ME 5.2 (GS). Mo
2.4*10**17 Nm (GCMT), 1.4*10**17 Nm (GS). Es 1.4*10**12 Nm (GS).
At least 44 people injured and landslides in Kashmir. Some
buildings damaged at Balgran, Hattian, Islamabad, Jhelum, Jura,
Lahore, Malial, Masarm, Muzzaffarabad, Rawalpindi and Uri,
Pakistan. Some buildings damaged at Baramulla and Marsar, India.
Felt strongly in the Chandigarh-Srinagar area, India.
MAR 06 10 50 29.4 80.324 N 1.853 W 9 G 6.5 0.9 341 NORTH OF SVALBARD. MW 6.5 (GCMT), 6.4 (GS), 6.4 (UCMT), 6.4
(WCMT). mb 6.6 (GS). MS 6.5 (GS). ME 7.2 (GS). Mo 6.3*10**18 Nm
(GCMT), 5.4*10**18 Nm (UCMT), 4.8*10**18 Nm (GS), 5.2*10**18 Nm
(WCMT). Es 1.4*10**15 Nm (GS).
MAR 19 18 17 40.4 23.043 S 174.660 W 31 G 7.6 1.0 504 TONGA REGION. MW 7.6 (UCMT), 7.6 (GCMT), 7.6 (WCMT). mb 7.0 (GS).
MS 7.6 (GS). ME 7.8 (GS). Mo 3.5*10**20 Nm (UCMT), 3.4*10**20 Nm
(GCMT), 3.4*10**20 Nm (WCMT), 3.3*10**20 Nm (PPT). Es 1.1*10**16
Nm (GS). Felt (VI) at Nuku`alofa. Felt at Havelu, Neiafu, Pangai
and Vaini. Also felt at Suva, Fiji; Auckland, Lower Hutt,
Taradale and Wellington, New Zealand; Apia, Samoa. A small
tsunami was generated with wave heights (peak-to-trough, in cm.)
at the following selected tide stations: 10.4 at Iquique, Chile;
17.3 at Rarotonga, Cook Islands; 5.7 at Suva, Fiji; 27.0 at
Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands; 10.0 at Honolulu, 18.6 at Kahului
and 9.4 at Nawiliwili, Hawaii; 20.3 at Nuku Hiva and 14.5 at
Hiva Oa, Marquesas Islands; 10.0 at Napier, New Zealand; 8.7 at
Niue; 22.8 at Callao, Peru; 10.7 at Port-Vila, Vanuatu.
MAR 26 04 44 11.6* 22.399 N 85.903 E 10 G 4.1 1.1 17 JHARKHAND, INDIA. mb 4.1 (GS). Five people injured and buildings
damaged at Chaibasa. Felt at Bahalda, Itwari, Jamshedpur,
Kharsawan, Rajnagar and Saraikela.
APR 06 01 32 39.0& 42.334 N 13.334 E 9 6.3 488 CENTRAL ITALY. <ROM>. MW 6.3 (UCMT), 6.3 (GCMT), 6.2 (GS), 6.2
(WCMT), 6.2 (RMT), 6.3 (ROM). mb 5.9 (GS). MS 6.2 (GS). ME 6.3
(GS). ML 6.3 (STR), 6.2 (PDG). Mo 3.7*10**18 Nm (GCMT),
3.4*10**18 Nm (UCMT), 2.8*10**18 Nm (GS), 2.9*10**18 Nm (WCMT),
2.3*10**18 Nm (RMT), 3.7*10**18 Nm (ROM). Es 6.4*10**13 Nm (GS).
At least 295 people killed, 1,000 injured, 55,000 homeless,
15,000 buildings damaged or destroyed and landslides in the
L'Aquila area. Felt (VII) at L'Aquila; (VI) at Corfinio and San
Demetrio ne' Vestini; (V) at Avezzano, Chieti, Pescara, Rieti,
San Benedetto del Tronto, Sulmona and Teramo; (IV) at Amelia,
Ancona, Ascoli Piceno, Castelfrentano, Fiumicino, Fondi,
Francavilla al Mare, Frosinone, Guidonia, Isernia, Lanciano,
Latina, Macerata, Montesilvano, Naples, Osimo, Pesaro, Rome and
Terni. Felt throughout central Italy and as far north as
Florence, Milan and Venice and as far south as Bari and Salerno.
Also felt in San Marino and at Vienna, Austria; Tirana, Albania;
Knin, Croatia; Nuremberg, Germany; San Gwann, Malta; Celje,
Slovenia; Zurich, Switzerland and Podgorica, Montenegro.
APR 07 04 23 33.1 46.049 N 151.548 E 31 G 6.9 0.9 493 KURIL ISLANDS. MW 6.9 (UCMT), 6.9 (GCMT), 6.8 (GS), 6.9 (WCMT).
mb 6.5 (GS). MS 6.8 (GS). ME 6.6 (GS). Mo 3.1*10**19 Nm (UCMT),
2.5*10**19 Nm (GCMT), 1.8*10**19 Nm (GS), 2.9*10**19 Nm (WCMT),
3.2*10**19 Nm (PPT). Es 1.5*10**14 Nm (GS). Felt (IV) at
Kuril'sk and (II) at Severo-Kuril'sk and Yuzhno-Kuril'sk. Felt
at Sapporo, Hokkaido. Recorded (3 JMA) in southeastern Hokkaido.
Also recorded (1 JMA) in Aomori, Iwate and Miyagi, Honshu.
APR 07 17 47 37.0& 42.275 N 13.464 E 15 5.5 376 CENTRAL ITALY. <ROM>. MW 5.5 (GS), 5.5 (UCMT), 5.5 (GCMT), 5.6
(ROM). mb 5.4 (GS). MS 5.4 (GS). ME 5.4 (GS). ML 5.7 (STR), 5.6
(PDG), 5.3 (LDG). Mo 2.5*10**17 Nm (UCMT), 2.5*10**17 Nm (GCMT),
1.9*10**17 Nm (GS), 2.9*10**17 Nm (ROM). Es 3.2*10**12 Nm (GS).
One person was killed and additional damage to buildings in
L'Aquila. Felt (VI) at L'Aquila and Manoppello; (V) at Alatri,
Camerino, Celano, Penne, Pratola Peligna, Roseto degli Abruzzi,
Sambuceto, Sulmona and Teramo; (IV) at Ancona, Ascoli Piceno,
Avezzano, Cassino, Chieti, Colleferro, Falconara Maritima,
Fermo, Francavilla al Mare, Frosinone, Guidonia, Lanciano,
Lariano, Latina, Macerata, Mentana, Monterotondo, Montesilvano,
Pesaro, Pescara, Rieti, Rome, San Benedetto del Tronto, Sora,
Termoli and Terni. Felt throughout central Italy; as far north
and northwest as Belluno and Parma and as far southeast as Bari
and Lamezia Terme. Also felt along the northern coast of Sicily.
APR 09 01 46 58.2 27.143 N 70.749 E 44 D 5.1 0.9 202 INDIA-PAKISTAN BORDER REGION. MW 5.1 (GCMT). mb 5.2 (GS). Mo
6.2*10**16 Nm (GCMT). At least 6 people injured and many
buildings damaged at Jaisalmer, India. Felt at Bhuj, Bikaner,
Jaipur, Jodhpur and by people in high-rise buildings at Delhi.
Also felt at Kabul, Afghanistan and at Hyderabad and Sukkur,
Pakistan.
APR 16 14 57 06.2 60.203 S 26.858 W 20 G 6.7 1.0 214 SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS REGION. MW 6.7 (UCMT), 6.7 (GCMT), 6.6
(GS), 6.7 (WCMT). mb 6.2 (GS). MS 6.8 (GS). ME 6.8 (GS). Mo
8.9*10**18 Nm (GS), 1.3*10**19 Nm (GCMT), 1.6*10**19 Nm (WCMT),
1.3*10**19 Nm (UCMT), 4.6*10**18 Nm (PPT). Es 3.8*10**14 Nm (GS).
APR 16 21 27 51.3 34.185 N 70.076 E 6 5.2 1.0 237 HINDU KUSH REGION, AFGHANISTAN. MW 5.2 (GCMT). mb 5.4 (GS). Mo
7.3*10**16 Nm (GCMT). At least 19 people killed, 51 injured,
more than 200 homes destroyed and some livestock killed in
Nangarhar. Felt (V) at Jalalabad and (III) at Kabul. Also felt
at Fayzabad, Nurestan, Qarah Bagh, Panjab and Zarghun Shahr.
Felt at Bhakkar, Chitral, Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
APR 16 23 42 51.9 34.106 N 70.056 E 4 5.1 0.9 155 HINDU KUSH REGION, AFGHANISTAN. mb 5.1 (GS). Casualties and
damage are included with the event at 21:27 UTC. Felt (V) at
Jalalabad. Also felt at Kabul and Mazar-e Sharif. Felt at
Islamabad and Kohat, Pakistan.
APR 18 19 17 58.9 46.015 N 151.427 E 35 G 6.6 0.9 459 KURIL ISLANDS. MW 6.6 (GCMT), 6.4 (GS), 6.7 (WCMT), 6.6 (UCMT).
mb 6.3 (GS). MS 6.3 (GS). ME 6.3 (GS). Mo 5.9*10**18 Nm (GS),
1.0*10**19 Nm (GCMT), 1.4*10**19 Nm (WCMT), 1.1*10**19 Nm
(UCMT), 1.1*10**19 Nm (PPT). Es 5.5*10**13 Nm (GS). Felt (II) at
Yuzhno-Kuril'sk. Recorded (3 JMA) in southeastern Hokkaido. Also
recorded (1 JMA) in Aomori, Iwate and Miyagi, Honshu.
MAY 02 01 11 13.7& 34.069 N 118.882 W 14 4.1 162 GREATER LOS ANGELES AREA, CALIFORNIA. <PAS>. MW 4.1 (PAS). mb 4.3
(GS). Mo 1.7*10**15 Nm (PAS). One person injured in the Los
Angeles area. Felt (IV) at Westlake Village; (III) at Agoura
Hills, Avalon, Bell, Burbank, Calabasas, Camarillo, Chino Hills,
Compton, Culver City, Encino, Garden Grove, Gardena, Hermosa
Beach, Inglewood, Irvine, Malibu, Marina del Rey, Moorpark,
Newbury Park, Northridge, Oak Park, Pacific Palisades, Panorama
City, Paramount, Playa del Rey, Reseda, Santa Monica, Sherman
Oaks, Simi Valley, Tarzana, Thousand Oaks, Tustin, Valley
Village, Van Nuys, Whittier and Woodland Hills; (II) throughout
Los Angeles and Orange Counties, in much of Ventura County and
in western Riverside and San Bernardino Counties. Felt as far as
Lompoc, Palm Springs and San Diego.
MAY 16 00 53 51.2 31.553 S 178.833 W 43 G 6.5 0.9 466 KERMADEC ISLANDS REGION. MW 6.5 (GCMT), 6.3 (GS), 6.6 (WCMT), 6.5
(UCMT). mb 6.1 (GS). ME 6.0 (GS). Mo 7.2*10**18 Nm (GCMT),
4.0*10**18 Nm (GS), 8.6*10**18 Nm (WCMT), 8.3*10**18 Nm (UCMT),
1.1*10**19 Nm (PPT). Es 2.0*10**13 Nm (GS). Felt at Gisborne,
Rotorua and Wellington, New Zealand.
MAY 19 17 35 01.0 25.291 N 37.740 E 5 G 5.7 0.9 254 WESTERN SAUDI ARABIA. MW 5.7 (GS), 5.7 (GCMT), 5.6 (UCMT). mb 5.7
(GS). MS 5.3 (GS). ME 5.3 (GS). Mo 4.0*10**17 Nm (GS),
4.0*10**17 Nm (GCMT), 3.4*10**17 Nm (UCMT). Es 1.7*10**12 Nm
(GS). At least seven people injured in Al Madinah. Felt at Al
`Ula, Al Wajh, Medina, Umm Lajj, Yanbu` al Bahr and in other
parts of Al Madinah. Several large ground cracks and landslides
were observed in Al Madinah.
MAY 28 08 24 46.5 16.731 N 86.217 W 19 G 7.3 1.1 464 OFFSHORE HONDURAS. MW 7.3 (GCMT), 7.3 (WCMT), 7.2 (UCMT). mb 6.7
(GS). MS 7.2 (GS). ME 8.1 (GS). MD 7.2 (SNET). Mo 9.0*10**19 Nm
(UCMT), 1.3*10**20 Nm (GCMT), 1.1*10**20 Nm (WCMT), 8.0*10**19
Nm (PPT). Es 3.5*10**16 Nm (GS). At least 7 people killed, 40
injured and more than 130 buildings damaged or destroyed in
northern Honduras, including the Islas de la Bahia. The central
span of a major bridge at El Progreso was destroyed. Felt (VII)
at El Progreso, Jose Santos Guardiola, La Lima, Omoa, Puerto
Cortes and Utila; (VI) at French Harbor, La Ceiba, Roatan, Sambo
Creek, San Pedro Sula, Sandy Bay and Tela; (V) at Arizona,
Guanaja, Mateo, Santa Rosa de Copan, Siguatepeque, Tocoa and
Villanueva. At least 5 buildings destroyed and 25 damaged in
Belize. Felt (VI) at Dangriga; (V) at Belize City, Benque Viejo
and Punta Gorda; (IV) at Belmopan, San Ignacio and San Pedro.
Felt (V) at Colon and (IV) at Antiguo Cuscatlan, Mejicanos, San
Miguel and San Salvador, El Salvador. Felt (VI) at Livingston
and Puerto Barrios; (V) at Villa Canales; (IV) at Antigua
Guatemala, Chichicastenango, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, Coban,
Fraijanes, Guatemala, Mixco and Villa Nueva, Guatemala. Felt
(III) at Carmen, Chetumal, Merida and Villahermosa; (II) at
Cancun and Mexico, Mexico. Also felt (II) at Havana, Cuba. Felt
in much of Honduras and throughout Belize, El Salvador and
Guatemala. Also felt in The Bahamas, Cayman Islands and Virgin
Islands and in parts of Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica,
Mexico, Nicaragua and Panama. Seiches were reported in swimming
pools at La Ceiba and Roatan, Honduras. Ground cracks and
possible liquefaction were observed at Monkey River, Belize.
MAY 29 06 20 14.6 17.026 S 168.329 E 13 G 5.7 1.1 145 VANUATU. MW 5.7 (GCMT), 5.6 (GS). mb 5.5 (GS). MS 5.5 (GS). Mo
4.5*10**17 Nm (GCMT), 3.2*10**17 Nm (GS). Ten people injured,
several buildings damaged or destroyed, several roads damaged,
water utilities disrupted and landslides occurred on Tongoa.
JUN 02 02 17 03.5 17.757 S 167.949 E 15 G 6.3 0.9 257 VANUATU. MW 6.3 (UCMT), 6.3 (GCMT). mb 5.7 (GS). MS 6.2 (GS). ME
5.9 (GS). Mo 4.2*10**18 Nm (GCMT), 4.1*10**18 Nm (UCMT),
6.5*10**18 Nm (PPT). Es 1.5*10**13 Nm (GS). Four people injured,
some buildings damaged, utilities disrupted and landslides
occurred on Tongoa. Felt (III) at Port-Vila. Also felt at
Lakatoro, Luganville and Norsup.
JUN 13 17 17 37.7 44.725 N 78.866 E 11 G 5.4 0.7 398 EASTERN KAZAKHSTAN. MW 5.4 (UCMT), 5.4 (GCMT), 5.3 (GS). mb 5.8
(GS). MS 5.1 (GS). ME 5.2 (GS). Mo 1.7*10**17 Nm (UCMT),
1.6*10**17 Nm (GCMT), 1.3*10**17 Nm (GS). Es 1.6*10**12 Nm (GS).
One person died of a heart attack and several buildings damaged
(VII) at Tekeli. Felt (III) at Almaty. Also felt at Druzhba and
Ushtobe. Felt at Yining, China.
JUN 23 14 19 22.3 5.157 S 153.782 E 64 G 6.7 1.2 269 NEW IRELAND REGION, PAPUA NEW GUINEA. MW 6.7 (GS), 6.7 (UCMT),
6.7 (GCMT), 6.7 (WCMT). mb 6.3 (GS). ME 6.5 (GS). Mo 1.5*10**19
Nm (GCMT), 1.4*10**19 Nm (GS), 1.6*10**19 Nm (WCMT), 1.5*10**19
Nm (UCMT). Es 1.2*10**14 Nm (GS). Felt (V) at Kokopo, New
Britain. Also felt at Arawa, Bougainville.
JUL 04 06 49 35.5 9.590 N 78.966 W 38 G 6.1 0.9 358 PANAMA. MW 6.1 (GCMT), 6.0 (GS), 6.0 (UCMT). mb 6.0 (GS). MS 5.5
(GS). ME 6.1 (GS). Mo 1.5*10**18 Nm (GCMT), 1.2*10**18 Nm
(UCMT), 1.1*10**18 Nm (GS). Es 3.2*10**13 Nm (GS). At least 32
people injured and 10 buildings damaged (V) in the Panama City
area. Felt (V) at Alcaldediaz, Balboa, Cativa, Cerro Azul,
Chame, La Cabima, Las Guias, Margarita, Tocumen and Veracruz;
(IV) at Ancon, Anton, Arraijan, Colon, La Chorrera, Las Cumbres,
Penonome, Sabanitas and San Miguelito; (III) at Bejuco,
Chilibre, Nueva Gorgona, Paraiso, Puerto Pilon, Taboga and Vista
Alegre. Felt in much of Panama. Felt (II) at Barranquilla,
Colombia. Also felt at Cartagena and Santa Marta. Felt at San
Jose, Costa Rica.
JUL 09 11 19 16.2 25.632 N 101.095 E 7 G 5.7 1.0 151 YUNNAN, CHINA. MW 5.7 (UCMT), 5.7 (GCMT), 5.6 (GS). mb 5.5 (GS).
MS 5.6 (GS). Mo 5.1*10**17 Nm (GCMT), 4.0*10**17 Nm (UCMT),
3.2*10**17 Nm (GS). One person killed, 336 people injured and
severe damage in the Yao'an area. Felt (IV) at Dali and (III) at
Kunming. Also felt at Xichang. Felt at Bangkok, Thailand.
JUL 15 09 22 29.0& 45.762 S 166.562 E 12 G 7.8 434 OFF WEST COAST OF THE SOUTH ISLAND, N.Z. <WEL>. MW 7.8 (GCMT),
7.7 (WCMT), 7.6 (UCMT). mb 6.5 (GS). MS 7.7 (GS). ME 7.5 (GS).
ML 7.3 (WEL). Mo 5.8*10**20 Nm (GCMT), 4.5*10**20 Nm (WCMT),
3.1*10**20 Nm (UCMT), 6.0*10**20 Nm (PPT). Es 3.7*10**15 Nm
(GS). A water main was broken at Winton, walls of buildings were
cracked at Invercargill and items fell from shelves throughout
Southland. Power outages occurred in several parts of the South
Island. Several small landslides were also reported. Geodetic
measurements indicate the southern tip of the South Island
shifted as much as 35 cm to the west-southwest. Felt (VI) at Te
Anau and Tuatapere; (V) at Arrowtown, Edendale, Lumsden and
Winton; (IV) at Bluff, Gore, Invercargill, Outram, Queenstown
and Wanaka. Felt throughout the South Island, the southern part
of the North Island and as far away as southeast Australia. A
tsunami with wave heights in centimeters (peak-to-trough) was
recorded at the following stations: 100 at Jackson Bay; 25 at
Charleston; 12 at Dog Island, New Zealand; 14 at Port Kembla and
6 at Spring Bay, Australia.
AUG 03 17 59 56.1 29.039 N 112.903 W 10 G 6.9 1.3 243 GULF OF CALIFORNIA. MW 6.9 (GCMT), 6.8 (GS), 6.9 (WCMT), 6.8
(UCMT). mb 6.2 (GS). ME 7.3 (GS). Mo 2.6*10**19 Nm (GCMT),
1.8*10**19 Nm (GS), 2.6*10**19 Nm (WCMT), 2.3*10**19 Nm (UCMT),
1.0*10**19 Nm (PPT). Es 2.0*10**15 Nm (GS). Felt (IV) at Bahia
de Kino and Caborca, (III) at Puerto Penasco and (II) at
Hermosillo, Sonora. Felt (III) at San Felipe and (II) at
Tijuana, Baja California. Felt widely in Baja California, Baja
California Sur and Sonora. Felt (III) at Mesa, Phoenix and
Tucson; (II) in much of southern Arizona. Felt (III) at
Carlsbad, Los Angeles and San Diego; (II) in large parts of
southern California. Felt at El Paso, Texas and Las Vegas,
Nevada and as far as San Jose, California.
AUG 08 13 26 17.5 29.358 N 105.438 E 10 G 3.7 1.2 24 SICHUAN-CHONGQING BORDER REGION, CHINA. mb 3.7 (GS). At least two
people killed, one person slightly injured and 440 houses
damaged or destroyed in Rongchang.
AUG 09 10 55 55.1 33.167 N 137.944 E 292 G 7.1 0.9 447 NEAR THE SOUTH COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN. MW 7.1 (GS), 7.1 (UCMT),
7.1 (GCMT), 7.1 (NIED). mb 6.5 (GS). ME 6.8 (GS). Mo 4.9*10**19
Nm (GS), 4.9*10**19 Nm (GCMT), 4.8*10**19 Nm (UCMT), 5.5*10**19
Nm (NIED), 5.3*10**19 Nm (PPT). Es 4.0*10**14 Nm (GS). Felt (V)
at Narita; (IV) at Akiruno, Atsugi, Ayase, Chiba, Ebina, Fussa,
Hamura, Sagamihara, Tokyo, Yokohama, Yokosuka and Zushi; (III)
at Fuchu, Fujisawa, Hachioji, Kawasaki, Musashimurayama,
Musashino, Nagoya, Osaka, Tachikawa, Tsukuba, Yamato and Zama;
(II) at Misawa. Widely felt throughout central and southern
Honshu. Recorded (4 JMA) in Chiba, Fukushima, Ibaraki, Miyagi,
Saitama, Tochigi and Tokyo; (3 JMA) in Gumma, Iwate, Kanagawa,
Nagano, Niigata, Shizuoka, Yamagata and Yamanashi; (2 JMA) in
Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Fukui, Gifu, Hyogo, Ishikawa, Mie, Nara,
Osaka, Shiga, Toyama and Wakayama; (1 JMA) in Hiroshima, Kyoto,
Okayama, Tottori and Yamaguchi. Recorded (2 JMA) in eastern
Hokkaido and (1 JMA) in southern Hokkaido. Recorded (2 JMA) in
Kagawa and (1 JMA) in Kochi and Tokushima, Shikoku. Recorded (3
JMA) on Hachijo-jima and (2 JMA) on Aogo-shima, Kozu-shima,
Mikura-jima, Miyake-jima, Nii-jima, O-shima, Shikine-jima and To-
shima. Recorded (2 JMA) in the Chichijima-retto and Hahajima-
retto.
AUG 10 04 06 31.0 11.612 S 166.090 E 35 G 6.6 1.3 251 SANTA CRUZ ISLANDS. MW 6.6 (GS), 6.6 (UCMT), 6.5 (GCMT). mb 5.8
(GS). MS 6.3 (GS). ME 5.8 (GS). Mo 9.4*10**18 Nm (UCMT),
8.6*10**18 Nm (GS), 8.4*10**18 Nm (GCMT), 1.2*10**19 Nm (PPT).
Es 9.9*10**12 Nm (GS).
AUG 10 19 55 38.7 14.099 N 92.902 E 24 G 7.5 1.0 303 ANDAMAN ISLANDS, INDIA REGION. MW 7.5 (UCMT), 7.5 (GCMT), 7.5
(WCMT). mb 6.9 (GS). MS 7.6 (GS). ME 7.5 (GS). Mo 2.0*10**20 Nm
(GCMT), 2.5*10**20 Nm (WCMT), 2.1*10**20 Nm (UCMT), 2.6*10**20
Nm (PPT). Es 3.5*10**15 Nm (GS). Felt (V) at Porur, (IV) at
Bamboo Flat, Contai, Port Blair and Raurkela and (III) along
much of the east coast of India, including Calcutta and Madras.
Felt in large parts of eastern and southern India and as far as
Delhi. Felt (IV) at Chittagong and (III) at Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Felt (III) at Rangoon, Burma and at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and
(II) at Male, Maldives; Kathmandu, Nepal; Bangkok and Chiang
Mai, Thailand. Felt strongly at Banda Aceh, Indonesia and as far
as Padang and Jakarta. Also felt in parts of Bhutan, Cambodia,
Laos, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Vietnam and in Hainan, China.
AUG 10 20 07 09.1 34.743 N 138.264 E 40 6.2 0.9 163 NEAR THE SOUTH COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN. MW 6.2 (NIED). mb 6.1
(GS). Mo 2.3*10**18 Nm (NIED). One person killed, 123 people
injured and 5,192 buildings damaged in the Shizuoka area. One
road damaged at Tokyo. Felt (VI) at Shizuoka; (V) at Akiruno and
Namazu; (IV) at Ayase, Gotemba, Machida, Matsumoto, Okazaki,
Tachikawa, Tokyo, Yamato, Yokohama, Zama and Zushi; (III) at
Atsugi, Hachioji, Hamura, Kawasaki, Kyoto, Nagoya, Osaka,
Sagamihara and Yokosuka. A tsunami with wave heights (center-to-
peak) was recorded at the following tide stations: 7 cm at
Owase, 7 cm at Shimizuminato, 17 cm at Uchiura, 39 cm at
Omaezaki and 60 cm at Yaizu. Recorded (6L JMA) in Shizuoka; (5L
JMA) in Nagano; (4 JMA) in Aichi, Chiba, Gifu, Kanagawa, Tokyo
and Yamanashi; (3 JMA) in Fukui, Gumma, Hyogo, Ibaraki,
Ishikawa, Kyoto, Mie, Nara, Niigata, Osaka, Saitama, Shiga,
Tochigi, Tottori and Toyama; (2 JMA) in Fukushima, Miyagi,
Okayama and Shimane; (1 JMA) in Hiroshima, Wakayama and
Yamagata. Recorded (4 JMA) on Nii-jima; (3 JMA) on Kozu-shima, O-
shima and To-shima; (2 JMA) on Mikura-jima and Miyake-jima. Also
recorded (1 JMA) in Kagawa, Kochi and Tokushima, Shikoku.
AUG 12 22 48 51.4 32.821 N 140.395 E 53 G 6.6 0.8 336 IZU ISLANDS, JAPAN REGION. MW 6.6 (GS), 6.6 (UCMT), 6.6 (GCMT),
6.6 (WCMT), 6.5 (NIED). mb 6.2 (GS). ME 6.4 (GS). Mo 9.4*10**18
Nm (GCMT), 9.1*10**18 Nm (GS), 1.1*10**19 Nm (WCMT), 1.0*10**19
Nm (UCMT), 6.6*10**18 Nm (NIED), 1.4*10**19 Nm (PPT). Es
8.5*10**13 Nm (GS). Felt (III) at Tachikawa, Tokyo, Yokosuka,
Zama and Zushi; (II) at Ayase and Yokohama, Honshu. Also felt at
Atsugi, Fujisawa, Hamamatsu, Hamura, Ichinoseki, Maebashi,
Matsudo, Mitaka, Moriguchi, Musashimurayama, Musashino,
Sagamihara, Sendai, Suwa, Uenohara, Urayasu and Yamato. Recorded
(5L JMA) on Hachijo-jima; (4 JMA) on Aogo-shima; (3 JMA) on Kozu-
shima, Mikura-jima, Miyake-jima and Nii-jima; (2 JMA) on O-shima
and To-shima. Also recorded (3 JMA) in Chiba, Fukushima,
Kanagawa and Shizuoka; (2 JMA) in Gumma, Ibaraki, Iwate, Miyagi,
Nagano, Saitama, Tochigi and Yamanashi; (1 JMA) in Aomori, Gifu,
Hyogo, Niigata, Wakayama and Yamagata, Honshu.
AUG 16 07 38 21.7 1.479 S 99.490 E 20 G 6.7 1.1 369 KEPULAUAN MENTAWAI REGION, INDONESIA. MW 6.7 (GCMT), 6.5 (GS),
6.7 (WCMT), 6.6 (UCMT). mb 6.5 (GS). MS 6.7 (GS). ME 6.8 (GS).
Mo 8.0*10**18 Nm (GS), 1.2*10**19 Nm (GCMT), 1.2*10**19 Nm
(WCMT), 1.1*10**19 Nm (UCMT). Es 3.5*10**14 Nm (GS). Nine people
injured in the Padang area. Felt (V) at Padang; (IV) at
Pekanbaru and Sibolga; (III) at Padangpanjang and Painan,
Sumatra. Also felt at Payakumbuh and at Gunungsitoli, Nias. Felt
(III) at Petaling Jaya and (II) at Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru,
Malaysia. Also felt at Keluang, Melaka, Shah Alam and Sungai
Chua. Felt (II) in Singapore. A tsunami with a wave height (peak-
to-trough) of 36 cm was recorded at Padang.
AUG 17 00 05 49.0 23.501 N 123.499 E 20 G 6.7 1.0 345 SOUTHWESTERN RYUKYU ISLANDS, JAPAN. MW 6.7 (GCMT), 6.6 (GS), 6.7
(WCMT), 6.6 (UCMT), 6.7 (NIED). mb 6.2 (GS). MS 6.6 (GS). ME 7.1
(GS). Mo 1.2*10**19 Nm (GCMT), 1.1*10**19 Nm (GS), 1.3*10**19 Nm
(WCMT), 1.1*10**19 Nm (UCMT), 1.3*10**19 Nm (PPT), 1.2*10**19 Nm
(NIED). Es 8.5*10**14 Nm (GS). Felt at Gushikawa and Ishigaki.
Felt (III) at Taipei and (II) at Hsin-chu, Taiwan. Also felt at
Chu-pei, Hsia-yuan-lin, Hsin-chuang, Kang-shan, Pan-ch'iao,
P'ing-tung, T'ai-chung, T'ai-nan and Yung-ho. Also felt at
Xiamen, China. Recorded (3 JMA) on Iriomote-jima, Ishigaki-jima,
Tarama-shima and Yonaguni-jima and (2 JMA) on Miyako-jima.
Recorded (4 TAP) in T'ai-tung; (3 TAP) in Chang-hua, Hua-lien, I-
lan, Nan-t'ou, T'ai-chung and Yun-lin; (2 TAP) in Chia-i, Hsin-
chu, Kao-hsiung, Miao-li, P'eng-hu, P'ing-tung and T'ao-yuan.
AUG 28 01 51 20.4 7.146 S 123.427 E 642 D 6.9 0.8 350 BANDA SEA. MW 6.9 (GS), 6.9 (UCMT), 6.9 (GCMT), 6.9 (WCMT). mb
6.3 (GS). Mo 2.7*10**19 Nm (GCMT), 2.4*10**19 Nm (GS),
2.5*10**19 Nm (WCMT), 2.4*10**19 Nm (UCMT), 8.3*10**18 Nm (PPT).
Felt (III) at Karangkates, Kupang, Makassar and Namlea and (II)
on Bali, Indonesia. Also felt at Mataram. Felt at Dili, Timor-
Leste.
AUG 30 14 51 32.8 15.223 S 172.571 W 11 G 6.6 1.0 431 SAMOA ISLANDS REGION. MW 6.6 (UCMT), 6.6 (GCMT), 6.5 (GS). mb 6.4
(GS). MS 6.3 (GS). ME 6.2 (GS). Mo 6.3*10**18 Nm (GS),
1.1*10**19 Nm (UCMT), 1.0*10**19 Nm (GCMT), 8.1*10**18 Nm (PPT).
Es 5.2*10**13 Nm (GS). Felt (III) at Pago Pago and (II) at
Ili`ili, American Samoa. Also felt at Aoloau, Aua, Faga`alu,
Fagatogo, Leone, Mapusagafou, Nu`uuli, Pava`ia`i, Tafuna,
Vailoatai and Vatia. Felt (III) at Apia, Samoa. Also felt at
Lalovi and Vailoa.
SEP 02 07 55 01.0 7.782 S 107.297 E 46 G 7.0 0.9 312 JAVA, INDONESIA. MW 7.0 (GS), 7.0 (UCMT), 7.0 (GCMT), 6.9 (WCMT).
mb 6.8 (GS). MS 7.0 (GS). ME 7.1 (GS). Mo 4.2*10**19 Nm (GS),
3.9*10**19 Nm (UCMT), 3.6*10**19 Nm (GCMT), 3.1*10**19 Nm
(WCMT), 3.4*10**19 Nm (PPT). Es 8.8*10**14 Nm (GS). At least 81
people killed, more than 1,297 injured, 25,000 displaced and
severe damage in western Java, including at least 30 people
killed and 27 missing due to a landslide at Cikangkareng. Felt
(VII) at Tasikmalaya; (VI) at Cianjur and Sukabumi; (V) at
Bandung, Bekasi, Bogor and Purwakarta; (IV) at Cibinong,
Cikarang, Ciputat, Cirebon, Depok, Jakarta, Pekalongan, Serpong,
Tangerang and Yogyakarta; (III) at Karangkates, Klaten,
Semarang, Sleman, Tretes and Wonosari. Felt widely on Java. A
tsunami of about 1 m was recorded on a tide gauge at
Pameungpeuk. Felt (IV) at Denpasar and (II) at Kuta, Bali. Also
felt at Ubud. Felt at Jambi and Metro, Sumatra and on Sumbawa.
Felt (V) in Singapore.
SEP 07 22 41 37.3 42.660 N 43.443 E 15 G 6.0 0.8 309 GEORGIA (SAK'ART'VELO). MW 6.0 (GCMT), 5.9 (UCMT), 5.8 (GS), 5.9
(WCMT). mb 5.7 (GS). MS 5.8 (GS). ME 5.6 (GS). Mo 7.3*10**17 Nm
(GS), 1.2*10**18 Nm (GCMT), 9.9*10**17 Nm (WCMT), 8.6*10**17 Nm
(UCMT). Es 5.9*10**12 Nm (GS). One person injured at Oni. At
least 1,000 houses damaged or destroyed in northwestern Georgia.
Felt (IV) at Tbilisi and (III) at Rustavi. Also felt at Bat'umi,
Borjomi, K'ut'aisi, Lagodekhi, Marneuli, Poti, Sach'khere,
Sokhumi, T'elavi and Zugdidi. Felt (II) at Rostov, Russia. Also
felt at Alagir, Babayurt, Derbent, Il'inka, Makhachkala, Maykop,
Nal'chik, Pavlodol'skaya, Pokrovskoye, Sochi, Stavropol' and
Vladikavkaz. Felt at Ach'ajur, Dilijan, Gyumri, Noyemberyan,
Spitak, Step'anavan and Yerevan, Armenia. Also felt at Ardahan,
Kars, Rize and Trabzon, Turkey.
SEP 12 20 06 25.4 10.709 N 67.927 W 14 G 6.4 1.2 508 OFFSHORE CARABOBO, VENEZUELA. MW 6.4 (GCMT), 6.3 (UCMT), 6.2
(GS), 6.3 (WCMT), 6.2 (CAR). mb 6.3 (GS). MS 6.4 (GS). ME 7.1
(GS). Mo 4.4*10**18 Nm (GCMT), 3.7*10**18 Nm (UCMT), 2.8*10**18
Nm (GS), 3.5*10**18 Nm (WCMT), 5.1*10**18 Nm (PPT). Es
1.1*10**15 Nm (GS). At least 18 people injured and 17 buildings
damaged north of Moron. Felt (VI) in parts of Carabobo; (V) at
Baruta, Caracas, El Limon, Guarenas, La Victoria, Los Dos
Caminos, Maiquetia, Maracay, Puerto Cabello, San Antonio de los
Altos, Turmero and Valencia; (IV) at Barinas, Barquisimeto,
Cagua, Chacao, El Cafetal, El Hatillo, Guatire, Los Teques and
Petare. Felt in much of northern and central Venezuela. Felt
(III) at Willemstad and (II) at Kralendijk, Netherlands
Antilles. Also felt at Antriol, Groot Piscadera, Hato, Montana
Abou, Ronde Klip and Tera Kora. Felt at Oranjestad, Aruba and at
Bogota, Bucaramanga, Cartagena, Medellin and Santa Marta,
Colombia.
SEP 18 11 53 48.0 6.513 N 124.715 E 10 G 5.7 1.1 88 MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES. MW 5.7 (UCMT), 5.7 (GCMT). mb 5.4 (GS). MS
5.2 (GS). Mo 4.1*10**17 Nm (UCMT), 3.9*10**17 Nm (GCMT). At
least 91 people injured and 76 buildings damaged in South
Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat. Felt (IV PIVS) at Isulan,
Koronadal, Polomolok and Tacurong; (III PIVS) at Cotabato,
Davao, Digos, General Santos and Kabacan; (II PIVS) at Kidapawan
and Matan-ao. Also felt at Banga.
SEP 18 23 06 57.7 9.138 S 115.593 E 79 5.7 1.1 375 SOUTH OF BALI, INDONESIA. MW 5.7 (GS), 5.7 (UCMT), 5.7 (GCMT). mb
6.0 (GS). Mo 5.3*10**17 Nm (GS), 5.2*10**17 Nm (UCMT),
5.0*10**17 Nm (GCMT). At least seven people injured and several
buildings damaged in the Denpasar area. Felt (VI) at Denpasar;
(V) at Klungkung; (IV) at Kuta and Ubud; (III) at Tabanan; (II)
at Singaraja. Also felt at Karangasem. Felt (IV) at Ampenan and
Mataram, Lombok. Felt (III) at Banyuwangi and (II) at Tretes,
Java. Felt at Sumbawa, Sumbawa.
SEP 21 08 53 05.9 27.332 N 91.437 E 14 G 6.1 1.0 259 BHUTAN. MW 6.1 (GS), 6.1 (GCMT), 6.2 (WCMT), 6.1 (UCMT). mb 6.1
(GS). MS 6.1 (GS). ME 5.8 (GS). Mo 1.9*10**18 Nm (GCMT),
1.6*10**18 Nm (GS), 2.7*10**18 Nm (WCMT), 1.9*10**18 Nm (UCMT).
Es 1.1*10**13 Nm (GS). At least eleven people killed and dozens
injured in Mongar and Tashigang. Many buildings destroyed and
many roads damaged throughout Bhutan. Cracks appeared in
buildings at Guwahati, India. Felt (VI) at Tashigang and (IV) at
Thimphu. Also felt at Phuntsholing and Tshongdue. Felt (II) at
Calcutta, India. Also felt at Barpeta, Bidhannagar, Dispur,
Guwahati, Kalimpong, Nagaon, Nalbari, North Dum Dum, Patna,
Shillong, Silchar, Tezpur and Tura. Felt in northern Bangladesh,
at Lhasa, China and at Kathmandu, Nepal.
SEP 29 17 48 10.9 15.489 S 172.095 W 18 G 8.1 1.0 520 SAMOA ISLANDS REGION. MW 8.1 (GCMT), 8.0 (UCMT). mb 7.1 (GS). MS
8.1 (GS). ME 8.0 (GS). Mo 1.7*10**21 Nm (GCMT), 1.2*10**21 Nm
(UCMT), 3.5*10**21 Nm (PPT). Es 2.0*10**16 Nm (GS). At least 149
people killed in Samoa, 34 killed in American Samoa and 9
killed, 7 injured and 500 displaced on Niuatoputapu, Tonga.
Widespread damage to infrastructure occurred at Pago Pago,
American Samoa, in many parts of Samoa and on Niuatoputapu,
Tonga. Nearly all of the casualties and damage was caused by
large tsunamis, with runup heights of 12 m at Poloa, 7 m at Pago
Pago and Tula, American Samoa and 3 m on Niuatoputapu. Felt (VI)
at Nu`uuli and (IV) at Ili`ili and Tafuna, American Samoa. Felt
(V) at Apia, Samoa. Felt in much of American Samoa, Samoa and
northern Tonga and as far away as Wallis and Futuna Islands. The
tsunami was recorded with the following wave heights (peak-to-
trough) on these selected tide stations: 411 cm at Pago Pago,
American Samoa; 140 cm at Apia, Samoa; 111 cm at Rarotonga, Cook
Islands; 64 cm in the Chatham Islands, 37 cm at Raoul, 21 cm at
Tauranga, 14 cm at Gisborne and 11 cm at Wellington, New
Zealand; 28 cm at Nuku`alofa, Tonga; 22 cm at Point Kemblao,
Australia; 25 cm at Luganville, Vanuatu; 36 cm at Honolulu,
Hawaii; 29 cm at Papeete, French Polynesia; 36 cm at Ofunato,
Japan; 11 cm at Old Harbor and 4 cm at Seward, Alaska; 66 cm at
Crescent City and 26 cm at Los Angeles, California; 42 cm at
Cabo San Lucas, Mexico; 27 cm on Baltra, Ecuador; 73 cm at
Antofagasta and 40 cm at Valparaiso, Chile.
SEP 30 10 16 09.2 0.720 S 99.867 E 81 G 7.6 0.9 498 SOUTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA. MW 7.6 (GCMT), 7.5 (GS), 7.6 (WCMT),
7.5 (UCMT). mb 7.1 (GS). ME 7.6 (GS). Mo 2.7*10**20 Nm (GCMT),
2.3*10**20 Nm (GS), 3.1*10**20 Nm (WCMT), 2.6*10**20 Nm (UCMT),
1.7*10**20 Nm (PPT). Es 4.8*10**15 Nm (GS). At least 1,117
people killed, 1,214 injured, 181,665 buildings destroyed or
damaged and about 451,000 people displaced in the Padang-
Pariaman area. Landslides disrupted power and communications in
the area. Damage estimated at 2.3 billion U.S. dollars. Felt
(VII) at Padang; (VI) at Bukittinggi; (IV) at Bengkulu, Duri,
Mukomuko and Sibolga; (III) at Pekanbaru. Also felt (IV) at
Gunungsitoli, Nias and (II) at Jakarta, Java. Felt throughout
Sumatra and in much of Java. Felt (III) in Singapore and at
George Town, Johor Bahru, Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya, Shah Alam
and Sungai Chua, Malaysia. Felt in much of Peninsular Malaysia
and as far away as Chiang Mai, Thailand. A 27-cm (center-to-
peak) local tsunami was recorded at Padang, Sumatra.
OCT 01 01 52 27.3 2.482 S 101.524 E 9 G 6.6 1.1 417 SOUTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA. MW 6.6 (UCMT), 6.6 (GCMT), 6.5 (GS),
6.6 (WCMT). mb 5.9 (GS). MS 6.7 (GS). ME 7.4 (GS). Mo 9.8*10**18
Nm (GCMT), 6.4*10**18 Nm (GS), 9.0*10**18 Nm (WCMT), 1.0*10**19
Nm (UCMT). Es 3.1*10**15 Nm (GS). Three people killed and dozens
of houses collapsed in Kerinci. Damage estimated at 10 million
U.S. dollars. Felt (IV) at Jambi, Kapahiang and Padangpanjang
and (III) at Bengkulu and Pekanbaru. Also felt at Duri and
Padang. Felt (II) at Jakarta, Java and in Singapore. Felt (II)
at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Also felt at Johor Bahru.
OCT 04 10 58 00.1 6.740 N 123.378 E 620 G 6.6 1.0 419 MORO GULF, MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES. MW 6.6 (GS), 6.6 (UCMT), 6.6
(GCMT), 6.6 (WCMT). mb 6.4 (GS). ME 6.6 (GS). Mo 1.1*10**19 Nm
(GS), 1.1*10**19 Nm (GCMT), 1.0*10**19 Nm (UCMT), 1.0*10**19 Nm
(WCMT). Es 1.9*10**14 Nm (GS). Felt (II PIVS) at General Santos
and Padada and (I PIVS) at Davao and Tarragona. Also felt at
Zamboanga.
OCT 07 21 41 13.2 4.079 N 122.371 E 574 D 6.8 1.1 326 CELEBES SEA. MW 6.8 (UCMT), 6.8 (GCMT), 6.7 (GS), 6.7 (WCMT). mb
6.3 (GS). ME 6.0 (GS). Mo 1.8*10**19 Nm (UCMT), 1.8*10**19 Nm
(GCMT), 1.6*10**19 Nm (GS), 1.5*10**19 Nm (WCMT). Es 2.1*10**13
Nm (GS).
OCT 07 22 03 14.4 13.006 S 166.510 E 45 G 7.7 1.3 283 VANUATU. MW 7.6 (GCMT), 7.7 (WCMT), 7.6 (UCMT). mb 6.4 (GS). MS
7.3 (GS). ME 6.9 (GS). Mo 3.3*10**20 Nm (GCMT), 4.3*10**20 Nm
(WCMT), 3.3*10**20 Nm (UCMT), 4.5*10**20 Nm (PPT). Es 5.3*10**14
Nm (GS). Felt at Lakatoro, Luganville, Port-Olry, Port-Vila and
Sola. Also felt at Honiara, Solomon Islands. Tsunami information
is included with the larger event at 22:18 UTC.
OCT 07 22 18 51.2 12.517 S 166.382 E 35 G 7.8 1.0 195 SANTA CRUZ ISLANDS. MW 7.8 (UCMT), 7.8 (GCMT). mb 6.4 (GS). MS
7.9 (GS). Mo 6.7*10**20 Nm (GCMT), 6.4*10**20 Nm (UCMT),
1.3*10**21 Nm (PPT). A tsunami with maximum wave heights (peak-
to-trough) was recorded at the following selected tide stations:
62 cm at Port-Vila and 20 cm at Luganville, Vanuatu; 14 cm at
Honiara, Solomon Islands; 24 cm at Rosslyn Bay, Australia; 6 cm
at Suva, Fiji; 8 cm at Apia, Samoa; 14 cm at Pago Pago, American
Samoa; 6 cm at Papeete, French Polynesia; 14 cm at Hilo, 10 cm
at Honolulu, 38 cm at Kahului, 40 cm at Kawaihae and 16 cm at
Nawiliwili, Hawaii; 12 cm in the Midway Islands; 6 cm on Wake
Island; 18 cm at Coquimbo and 10 cm at Iquique, Chile; 8 cm at
Cabo San Lucas, Mexico; 12 cm at Point Reyes, 30 cm at Santa
Barbara and 10 cm at Santa Monica, California; 6 cm at Neah Bay,
Washington; 8 cm at Tofino, Canada; 16 cm on Adak and 12 cm on
Atka, Alaska.
OCT 07 22 50 15.7 12.390 S 166.086 E 21 6.8 0.9 74 SANTA CRUZ ISLANDS. MW 6.8 (GCMT). mb 5.8 (GS). Mo 2.0*10**19 Nm
(GCMT).
OCT 07 23 13 48.1 13.093 S 166.497 E 31 7.4 1.0 314 VANUATU. MW 7.4 (GCMT), 7.4 (WCMT), 7.3 (UCMT). mb 6.4 (GS). MS
7.2 (GS). Mo 1.7*10**20 Nm (GCMT), 1.5*10**20 Nm (WCMT),
1.2*10**20 Nm (UCMT).
OCT 08 08 28 47.9 13.298 S 165.910 E 35 G 6.8 1.5 174 VANUATU. MW 6.8 (UCMT), 6.7 (GCMT). mb 5.7 (GS). Mo 1.7*10**19 Nm
(UCMT), 1.6*10**19 Nm (GCMT).
OCT 13 05 37 23.6 52.754 N 166.997 W 24 G 6.5 0.9 485 FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, ALASKA. MW 6.5 (UCMT), 6.4 (GCMT),
6.2 (GS). mb 6.0 (GS). MS 6.1 (GS). ME 6.2 (GS). Mo 6.8*10**18
Nm (UCMT), 5.1*10**18 Nm (GCMT), 2.7*10**18 Nm (GS), 8.2*10**18
Nm (PPT). Es 3.9*10**13 Nm (GS). Felt at Akutan and Unalaska.
OCT 22 19 51 27.5 36.517 N 70.950 E 186 D 6.2 0.8 395 HINDU KUSH REGION, AFGHANISTAN. MW 6.2 (GS), 6.1 (UCMT), 6.1
(GCMT). mb 6.1 (GS). ME 5.8 (GS). Mo 2.2*10**18 Nm (GS),
2.1*10**18 Nm (GCMT), 1.7*10**18 Nm (UCMT). Es 1.1*10**13 Nm
(GS). Felt (V) at Faizabad; (IV) at Charikar, Jalalabad, Kabul
and Konduz; (III) at Baghlan, Bagrami, Eshkashem and Jabal os
Saraj. Also felt at Khowst and Mazar-e Sharif. Three people
killed by landslides and 2 others died of heart attacks in
Mirpur, Pakistan. Felt (IV) at Islamabad, Peshawar and
Rawalpindi; (III) at Lahore and Quetta. Also felt at Abottabad,
Chitral and Multan. Felt (IV) at Amritsar, Mohali and Srinagar;
(III) at Chandigarh; (II) at Delhi and Gurgaon, India. Felt
(III) at Dushanbe, Tajikistan and Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Felt at
Shymkent and Taraz, Kazakhstan.
OCT 24 14 40 43.7 6.133 S 130.385 E 130 G 6.9 0.8 397 BANDA SEA. MW 6.9 (GS), 6.9 (UCMT), 6.9 (GCMT). mb 6.7 (GS). ME
6.8 (GS). Mo 3.0*10**19 Nm (GS), 3.0*10**19 Nm (GCMT),
2.8*10**19 Nm (UCMT), 3.8*10**19 Nm (PPT). Es 3.9*10**14 Nm
(GS). Felt (V) at Saumlaki; (IV) in the Kepulauan Aru and at
Ambon, Fakfak, Sorong and Tual; (III) at Bintuni, Kaimana,
Manokwari, Merauke and Nabire; (II) at Serui, Indonesia. Felt
(IV) at Nguiu; (III) at Darwin, Howard Springs, Humpty Doo-
MacMinns Lagoon, Katherine, Kununurra and Palmerston; (II) at
Jabiru and Nhulunbuy, Australia. Also felt at Alyangula,
Coonawarra, Maningrida, Milingimbi and as far as Alice Springs.
Felt (III) at Dili, Timor-Leste.
OCT 30 07 03 39.1 29.218 N 129.782 E 34 G 6.8 1.0 424 RYUKYU ISLANDS, JAPAN. MW 6.8 (UCMT), 6.8 (GCMT), 6.7 (GS), 6.8
(WCMT), 6.7 (NIED). mb 6.3 (GS). MS 6.8 (GS). ME 6.1 (GS). Mo
1.8*10**19 Nm (GCMT), 1.3*10**19 Nm (GS), 2.1*10**19 Nm (WCMT),
2.0*10**19 Nm (UCMT), 2.2*10**19 Nm (PPT), 1.5*10**19 Nm (NIED).
Es 2.9*10**13 Nm (GS). Felt on Okinawa. Recorded (4 JMA) on
Akuseki-jima, Amami-oshima and Kikaiga-shima; (3 JMA) on
Kuchinoerabu-jima, Nakano-shima, Suwanose-jima, Tanega-shima and
Tokuno-shima; (2 JMA) on Io-jima, Kuchino-shima, Okinawa, Okino-
erabu-shima and Yaku-shima; (1 JMA) on Takara-jima and Yoron-
jima. Also recorded (2 JMA) in Kagoshima and Miyazaki and (1
JMA) in Kumamoto and Oita, Kyushu.
NOV 01 21 07 20.6 25.962 N 100.825 E 25 4.9 0.7 110 YUNNAN, CHINA. MW 4.9 (GCMT). mb 5.0 (GS). Mo 2.5*10**16 Nm
(GCMT). Twenty-eight people injured and at least 30,000 homes
damaged in Binchuan and Xiangyun.
NOV 03 23 26 52.0& 27.334 N 56.202 E 14 5.0 134 SOUTHERN IRAN. <THR>. MW 5.0 (GCMT). mb 5.1 (GS). mbLg 4.9 (TEH).
ML 4.9 (THR). Mo 3.9*10**16 Nm (GCMT). At least 269 people
injured and several houses damaged at Bandar `Abbas.
NOV 05 09 32 56.5 23.731 N 120.744 E 18 G 5.6 0.9 217 TAIWAN. MW 5.6 (GS), 5.6 (GCMT). mb 5.6 (GS). MS 5.4 (GS). ML 6.0
(TAP). Mo 2.9*10**17 Nm (GS), 2.9*10**17 Nm (GCMT). One person
injured at T'ai-p'ing and minor damage at Nan-t'ou. Felt (V) at
T'ai-chung, (IV) at Hsin-chu and T'ao-yuan, (III) at Taipei and
(II) at T'ai-nan. Also felt at Chia-i, Chung-ho, Chung-li, Chu-
pei, Hsin-tien, Hua-lien, Kang-shan, Kao-hsiung, Lu-chou, Miao-
li, P'ing-tung, Pu-li, San-ch'ung, San-hsia, Sha-lu, Shu-lin, Ta-
lin, Tan-shui, Tou-nan, Yung-ho and Yung-k'ang. Felt at Quanzhou
and Xiamen, Fujian. Recorded (7 TAP) in Nan-t'ou; (6 TAP) in Yun-
lin; (5 TAP) in Chang-hua; (4 TAP) in Hua-lien, P'eng-hu, T'ai-
chung and T'ai-nan; (3 TAP) in Chia-i, I-lan, Kao-hsiung, Miao-
li and T'ai-tung; (2 TAP) in Hsin-chu, P'ing-tung, T'ai-pei and
T'ao-yuan.
NOV 08 19 41 43.3 8.207 S 118.631 E 18 G 6.6 1.0 305 SUMBAWA REGION, INDONESIA. MW 6.6 (GCMT), 6.5 (GS), 6.7 (WCMT),
6.6 (UCMT). mb 6.3 (GS). MS 6.5 (GS). ME 6.1 (GS). Mo 9.0*10**18
Nm (UCMT), 7.5*10**18 Nm (GS), 1.1*10**19 Nm (GCMT), 1.6*10**19
Nm (WCMT). Es 3.5*10**13 Nm (GS). Two people killed at Kolo and
hundreds injured in the Bima area. Damage estimated at
approximately 2.43 million U.S. dollars. Felt (V) at Bima and
Dompu and (IV) at Sumbawa Besar. Felt (III) at Denpasar, Bali.
Also felt at Kuta and Ubud. Felt at Labuanbajo, Flores; Mataram,
Lombok; Makassar, Sulawesi.
NOV 09 10 44 55.1 17.239 S 178.331 E 595 G 7.3 0.9 430 FIJI. MW 7.3 (GCMT), 7.2 (GS), 7.2 (UCMT), 7.2 (WCMT). mb 6.5
(GS). ME 6.7 (GS). Mo 9.3*10**19 Nm (UCMT), 8.8*10**19 Nm (GS),
1.0*10**20 Nm (GCMT), 7.4*10**19 Nm (WCMT). Es 2.5*10**14 Nm
(GS). Felt at Nambouwalu.
NOV 13 03 05 57.2 19.394 S 70.321 W 27 G 6.5 0.8 390 OFFSHORE TARAPACA, CHILE. MW 6.5 (UCMT), 6.5 (GCMT), 6.4 (GS),
6.5 (WCMT). mb 6.2 (GS). MS 6.4 (GS). ME 6.4 (GS). ML 6.4 (GUC).
Mo 7.6*10**18 Nm (GCMT), 5.8*10**18 Nm (GS), 7.2*10**18 Nm
(WCMT), 7.1*10**18 Nm (UCMT). Es 8.3*10**13 Nm (GS). Power
outages occurred at Iquique. Felt (V) at Alto Hospicio, Arica,
Camina, Huara, Iquique and Pozo Almonte; (IV) at Pica; (III) at
Calama and Colchane; (II) at Tocopilla. Felt (V) at Tacna, (III)
at Arequipa and (II) at Juliaca, Peru. Also felt at Acari, Ilo,
Mollendo, Moquegua, Puno and Tarata. Felt (III) at La Paz and
(II) at Cochabamba, Bolivia. Also felt at Oruro and Potosi.
NOV 17 15 30 47.4 52.123 N 131.395 W 17 G 6.6 1.2 388 QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS REGION. MW 6.6 (UCMT), 6.6 (GCMT), 6.4
(GS), 6.6 (WCMT), 6.4 (PGC). mb 6.0 (GS). MS 6.5 (GS). ME 7.0
(GS). Mo 9.2*10**18 Nm (GCMT), 8.9*10**18 Nm (UCMT), 5.7*10**18
Nm (GS), 1.0*10**19 Nm (WCMT), 5.9*10**18 Nm (PGC), 1.2*10**19
Nm (PPT). Es 6.5*10**14 Nm (GS). Felt throughout the Queen
Charlotte Islands, (III) at Kitimat and (II) at Prince Rupert,
Smithers and Terrace, British Columbia. Also felt at Abbotsford,
Burns Lake, Campbell River, Courtenay, Duncan, Port Hardy,
Prince George, Sooke, Vancouver, Vanderhoof, White Rock and
Williams Lake. Felt at Chugiak, Hyder, Ketchikan, Metlakatla and
Petersburg, Alaska; Lewiston, Idaho; Brookings and Oregon City,
Oregon; Bellingham, Maple Valley and Seattle, Washington.
NOV 24 12 47 15.6 20.708 S 174.035 W 18 G 6.8 0.9 459 TONGA. MW 6.8 (UCMT), 6.8 (GCMT), 6.7 (WCMT). mb 6.4 (GS). MS 6.8
(GS). ME 7.0 (GS). Mo 1.9*10**19 Nm (UCMT), 1.7*10**19 Nm
(GCMT), 1.4*10**19 Nm (WCMT), 2.3*10**19 Nm (PPT). Es 7.7*10**14
Nm (GS). Felt (III) at Nuku`alofa. Also felt at Pangai and
Vaini. Felt at Alofi, Niue.
DEC 06 21 51 59.8& 26.414 S 27.494 E 2 G 3.5 28 SOUTH AFRICA. <PRE>. ML 3.5 (PRE). Two people killed and 3
injured in a mine near Carletonville.
DEC 08 03 08 57.2 9.948 S 33.878 E 8 G 5.9 1.0 305 MALAWI. MW 5.9 (GS), 5.9 (UCMT), 5.9 (GCMT), 5.9 (WCMT). mb 5.9
(GS). MS 5.9 (GS). ME 5.5 (GS). Mo 9.3*10**17 Nm (UCMT),
7.7*10**17 Nm (GS), 1.0*10**18 Nm (GCMT), 8.4*10**17 Nm (WCMT).
Es 4.7*10**12 Nm (GS). One person killed, 15 people injured and
about 3,000 buildings damaged or destroyed in the Karonga area.
Also felt at Chitipa and Mzuzu. Felt (IV) at Njombe, Tanzania.
Also felt at Mbeya.
DEC 17 23 45 36.4 34.921 N 139.261 E 7 5.0 0.9 64 NEAR THE SOUTH COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN. MW 5.0 (GCMT), 4.9 (NIED).
mb 4.9 (GS). Mo 4.0*10**16 Nm (GCMT), 2.8*10**16 Nm (NIED). At
least 7 people injured and 20 homes damaged in the Ito area.
Felt at Ayase, Fujisawa, Mitaka, Shimoda, Yokohama and Zushi.
Recorded (5L JMA) in Shizuoka; (3 JMA) in Kanagawa; (2 JMA) in
Chiba, Tokyo and Yamanashi; (1 JMA) in Nagano and Saitama. Also
recorded (2 JMA) on O-shima and (1 JMA) on Miyake-jima, Nii-
jima, Shikine-jima and To-shima.
DEC 19 13 02 15.5 23.796 N 121.605 E 43 G 6.4 1.0 426 TAIWAN. MW 6.4 (GS), 6.4 (UCMT), 6.4 (GCMT). mb 6.2 (GS). ME 6.4
(GS). Mo 5.9*10**18 Nm (GS), 5.6*10**18 Nm (GCMT), 4.8*10**18 Nm
(UCMT), 7.8*10**18 Nm (PPT). Es 8.1*10**13 Nm (GS). Fourteen
people injured at Hua-lien and a few buildings damaged at
Taipei. Felt (VI) at Hua-lien; (V) at Chang-hua, Chia-i, Hsin-
chu, Hsin-tien and Yung-k'ang; (IV) at Chung-ho, Chu-pei, Kao-
hsiung, P'ing-tung, T'ai-chung, T'ai-nan, T'ao-yuan and in the
Taipei area. Felt (IV) at Fuzhou and (III) at Quanzhou, Xiamen
and Zhangzhou, Fujian. Also felt at Basco, Philippines and on
Ishigaki-jima, Ryukyu Islands. Recorded (7 TAP) in Hua-lien; (5
TAP) in Chang-hua, Chia-i, I-lan, T'ai-chung, T'ai-tung and Yun-
lin; (4 TAP) in Hsin-chu, Kao-hsiung, Miao-li, P'eng-hu, T'ai-
nan, T'ai-pei and T'ao-yuan; (3 TAP) in Nan-t'ou and P'ing-tung,
Taiwan. Recorded (3 JMA) on Iriomote-jima and Yonaguni-jima; (2
JMA) on Hateruma-jima and Ishigaki-jima; (1 JMA) on Miyake-jima
and Tarama-shima, Ryukyu Islands.
DEC 19 23 19 15.5 10.108 S 33.818 E 6 G 6.0 1.0 301 MALAWI. MW 6.0 (GS), 6.0 (UCMT), 6.0 (GCMT). mb 6.0 (GS). MS 6.0
(GS). ME 5.5 (GS). Mo 1.3*10**18 Nm (GS), 1.1*10**18 Nm (UCMT),
1.1*10**18 Nm (GCMT). Es 3.4*10**12 Nm (GS). Three people
killed, at least 250 injured, 1,111 houses destroyed and 3,565
damaged in Karonga. Felt at Mzuzu. Also felt at Njombe, Tanzania
and at Mpika, Zambia.
DEC 31 09 57 29.7 27.319 N 91.510 E 10 G 5.5 0.9 205 BHUTAN. mb 5.5 (GS). MS 5.2 (GS). Two people injured in the
Dametsi area and about 700 buildings damaged in Trashigang, many
of which were damaged by previous events in September and
October. Felt (II) at Thimphu. Also felt at Bondey, Dekiling and
Trashigang. Felt in Assam and Meghalaya, India.
NOTABLE NORTH AMERICAN EARTHQUAKES
MAY 18 03 39 36.3& 33.938 N 118.336 W 14 4.7 133 GREATER LOS ANGELES AREA, CALIFORNIA. <PAS>. MW 4.7 (PAS). mb 5.0
(GS). Mo 1.2*10**16 Nm (PAS). Some windows broken at Lennox and
Long Beach. Felt (V) at Bell, Bellflower, Carson, Compton,
Downey, Gardena, Harbor City, Hawaiian Gardens, Huntington Park,
Inglewood, Lakewood, Lawndale, Lomita, Long Beach, Los Angeles,
Maywood, Paramount, Redondo Beach, Seal Beach, Signal Hill,
South Gate, Sunset Beach, Torrance and Wilmington and (IV) in
much of Los Angeles and Orange Counties. Felt as far as Bishop,
the San Diego area, and in parts of the San Francisco Bay area.
Also felt at North Las Vegas, Nevada and at Bullhead City and
Phoenix, Arizona. Felt (III) at Rosarito and (II) at Tijuana,
Baja California, Mexico.
DEC 30 18 48 57.7& 32.437 N 115.165 W 9 G 5.9 402 BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO. <ECX>. MW 5.9 (GCMT), 5.8 (GS), 5.8
(PAS). mb 5.7 (GS). MS 5.7 (GS). MD 6.0 (ECX). Mo 8.0*10**17 Nm
(GCMT), 6.1*10**17 Nm (GS). Some buildings damaged slightly at
Mexicali. Cracks occurred in Canal Reforma near Jalapa and
ground cracks were observed at Guerrero and Jalapa. Felt (VI) at
Mexicali and (V) at Algodones. Felt (IV) at San Luis Rio
Colorado, Sonora. Felt (VI) at Heber and Holtville; (V) at
Brawley, Calexico, El Centro and Imperial; (IV) at Blythe,
Calipatria, Niland, Ocotillo, San Diego, Thermal, Westmorland
and Winterhaven, California. Also felt (V) at Somerton and (IV)
at Chandler and Yuma, Arizona. Felt in northern Baja California
and northwestern Sonora. Felt in much of southern California,
southwestern Arizona and at Las Vegas, Nevada.
Compiled by Pamela J. Benfield and NEIC Operations Staff.
